3-2 Notes Igneous Rock

Think About… How can two rocks made of the same minerals look very different?

Magma and Lava Form Different Types of Igneous Rocks Deep inside Earth, temperatures are hot enough (750 to 1250 degrees C) to melt rock.

Magma and Lava Form Different Types of Igneous Rocks Molten rock inside Earth is called magma. Molten rock that reaches the surface is called lava.

Magma and Lava Form Different Types of Igneous Rocks An igneous rock is classified based on what minerals it has and the size of its mineral crystals.

Magma and Lava Form Different Types of Igneous Rocks A rock formed from magma can have the same minerals as a rock formed from lava, but they will have different crystal structures and different names.

Origin of Igneous Rocks Intrusive igneous rock is formed when magma cools inside Earth. Example: Granite (made of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Origin of Igneous Rocks Extrusive igneous rock is formed when lava cools on Earth’s surface. Example: Rhyolite (made of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Origin of Igneous Rocks Granite and rhyolite have the same mineral composition (Quartz, Feldspar, Mica), but were formed in different ways.

Textures of Igneous Rocks The texture of an igneous rock refers to the size of its mineral crystals.

Textures of Igneous Rocks Large crystals can form in intrusive igneous rock because:

Textures of Igneous Rock The interior of the Earth is very hot The high temperatures allow magma to cool slowly Slow cooling allows time for large mineral crystals to form

Textures of Igneous Rocks Very small crystals form in extrusive rocks because…

Textures of Igneous Rocks The surface of the Earth is cooler than inside Earth. The lower temperatures cause the lava to cool quickly. There is no time for large mineral crystals to form.

Composition of Igneous Rocks To identify igneous rocks, you must consider both their texture and their mineral compositions.

Composition of Igneous Rocks Most igneous rocks are made up of silicate minerals.

Composition of Igneous Rock Silicate minerals contain different amounts of silica, a mixture of silicon and oxygen.

Composition of Igneous Rock In addition to mineral composition and crystal size, geologists also sometimes classify igneous rocks based on how much silica they have in them.

Composition of Igneous Rock You can estimate how much silica is in an igneous rock by looking at its color.

Composition of Igneous Rock Igneous rocks with high levels of silica are light in color. Examples: granite and rhyolite

Composition of Igneous Rock Igneous rocks with low levels of silica are dark in color. Examples: Gabbro and basalt

Igneous Rocks Make Long-Lasting Landforms A landform is a natural feature on Earth’s land surface.

Igneous Rocks Make Long-Lasting Landforms Ship Rock in New Mexico is an example of the kinds of landforms that are made of igneous rocks.

Intrusive Rock Formations As magma pushes toward Earth’s surface, it makes channels and other formations underground.

Intrusive Rock Formations When the rock above these formations wears away, we have intrusive rock formations on the surface.

Extrusive Rock Formations When magma makes its way to Earth’s surface, the lava can erupt in different ways.

Extrusive Rock Formations Lava that is low in silica flows easily and spreads out in thin sheets.

Extrusive Rock Formations Lava that is high in silica does not flow easily, and usually results in violent and explosive eruptions.

Review Geologists classify an igneous rock on the basis of its crystal size and the amount of ______ its minerals contain. Carbon Silica Sediment Foliation

Review 2. What kind of texture would obsidian (an igneous rock) have if it cooled very quickly while it was being formed? Multicolored and banded Smooth and shiny with no visible grains Coarse grains Made up of jagged grains

Review 3. What is the classification of a rock formed inside Earth with large, visible grains? Intrusive igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Extrusive igneous