C.K.PITHAWALLA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT :- MATERIAL SCIENCE AND METALLURGY TOPIC :- PLAIN CARBON STEEL

GROUP NO :- B5 ENROLLMENT NO. 140090119018 :- GAJERA ARTIKKUMAR 140090119023 :- GOHIL KISHANKUMAR 140090119024 :- GOHIL LALU 140090119127 :- VATALIYA MEHUL 1519914 :- WAGH CHANDRAKANT

PLAIN CARBON STEeL Carbon steel is by far the most widely used kind of steel. The properties of carbon steel depend primarily on the amount of carbon it contains. Most carbon steel has a carbon content of less than 1%. Carbon steel is made into a wide range of products, including structural beams, car bodies, kitchen appliances, and cans.

In fact, there are three types of plain carbon steel and they are low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, and as their names suggests all these types of plain carbon steel differs in the amount of carbon they contain. Indeed, it is good to precise that plain carbon steel is a type of steel having a maximum carbon content of 1.5% along with small percentages of silica, sulphur, phosphorus and manganese

Again, alloy of iron and carbon with carbon the major strengthening element via solid solution strengthening. If carbon level high enough (greater than 0.6%) can be quench hardened (aka: dispersion hardening, through hardened, heat treated, austenized and quenched, etc..). Can come in HRS and CRS options The most common CRS are 1006 through 1050 and 1112, 1117 and other free machining steels

TO PRODUCE Plain CARBON steel

TYPES OF Plain CARBON steel LOW CARBON STEEL or mild steel Medium carbon steels High carbon steels

LOW CARBON STEEL or mild steel Low carbon steels contain less than 0.3 % carbon. There are also known as mild steels (M.S). They exhibit poor response to heat treatment i.e. they are not improved in terms of strength and hardness properties by heat treatment due to lack of carbon. They are least expensive to produce. They are relatively soft & weak but have extraordinary ductility & toughness.

Application of low carbon steel Low carbon steels are suitable for automobile & refrigerator bodies, tin cans and girders. Their applications also include nails, rivets, nuts, bolts, cams, shafts, pipelines.

Medium carbon steels Medium carbon steels contain 0.3% to 0.6% carbon. They exhibit a better response to heat treatment compared to low carbon steels. Their mechanical properties can be improved by hardening followed by tempering heat treatments.

Application of Medium carbon steels Some typical applications of medium carbon steel include gears, axels, levers, cams, bolts, sockets, screw drivers, cylinder liners, hand tools, rims of bicycle & automobile-wheels, railway couplings, rifle barrels, balls of ball-mill & machine components.

High carbon steels High carbon steels contain carbon from 0.6% to 2%. They are the hardest & strongest amongst plain carbon steels but ductile. They have good wear resistance & are capable of holding a sharp cutting edge. Hardness of rockwell 55 to 60 on C-scale can be achieved for components of high carbon steels.

Application of high carbon steels The typical application of high carbon steels include lock washers, valve springs, wrenches, cutting tools, dies, anvils, hammers, milling cutters, tapes, razors, hacksaw blades, piston rings & gauges.

Effect of impurity elements on properties of plain carbon steel 1)SILICON 2)MANGANESE 3)SULPHUR 4)PHOSPHEROUS

1)SILICON Its content in steel usually varies from 0.05% to 0.30%. It is a good strengthener of ferrite in steel. It increases strength, hardness & toughness without loss of ductility.

2)MANGANESE The manganese content in plain carbon steel varies from 0.3% to 1.0%. It decreases harmful effect of sulphur, i.e. brittleness at high temperature by forming MnS there by reducing content of FeS. It increases the hardenability of the steel.

3)SULPHUR Sulphur content in the steel should not be allowed to exceed 0.05%(0.04% Max). In the absence of manganese, it forms FeS which is low melting point compound. This compound may form films & small particles at the grain boundaries.

4)PHOSPHEROUS The phospherous content of plain carbon steel does not exceed 0.04%(0.05% Max). Phospherous dissolves in ferrite, increasing strength, hardness & improving the resistance to corrosion. So it is added low carbon steels upto 0.12%. It is added to improve machinability of certain grades of free cutting steels upto maximum content of 0.12%.

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