International Cooperation Division Forest Resources and Policies in Korea 2010 International Cooperation Division Korea Forest Service

Contents Background Forests Resources in Korea Key Forest Policies

Background

Forest rehabilitation in Korea

Forest rehabilitation in Korea 1910 1945 1960 Chosun Dynasty Japanese Colonization Before the 1960s Growing stock 600~700 million m3 Stock volume/ha over 100 m3 / ha Forest exploitation by Japan Wood fuel collection & slash-burn cultivation Korean War and turbulent period Illegal logging Insufficient budget for rehabilitation The active forest rehabilitation took place after the 1960s

Degraded Forests 1950s Seongbuk-dong, Seoul

1st and 2nd National Forest Plans (1973~1987) 『Forest Rehabilitation Project』 Successful Rehabilitation Successful rehabilitation in 2.1 million ha of degraded forests Planting Campaign Planting Campaign in March and April Fuel Forests Creation of fuel forests for rural and mountain villagers

3rd National Forest Plan (1988~1997) 『Develop forests as commercial resources』 Plantation and Tending Creating 0.32 million ha of commercial plantation Tending 3.03 million ha of forests Infrastructure Fundamental infrastructure for forest management : forest road construction, mechanized forestry system, and education and training program for regional foresters

4th National Forest Plan (1998~2007) 『Pursue Sustainable Forest Management』 Introduction SFM as principle More focus on economic values → Promoting multi-valued aspects of forest : ecosystem, environment, recreation, urban forests, economy, etc. Government-led forest management → Private-oriented activities Legal and institutional regulations for the SFM system

Worldwide Recognition FAO Unasylva (1981) The Republic of Korea embarked on a four-fold programme in 1973… The programme succeeded beyond expectations. Lester Brown (2008) S.Korea is a reforestation model for the world. We can reforest the earth. Achim Steiner (2008) Korea's success in forest rehabilitation amazed the World. FAO featured Korea's rehabilitation program and highly evaluated as the only successful case post-second World War. While noted environmentalist, Mr. Lester Brown mentioned that South Korea is a reforestation model for the World and that we can reforest the World. And last year, at the 10th Ramsar Convention, Mr. Achim Steiner, the Executive Director of UNEP, expressed high regards for the success of Korea's forest reforestation program. Highly praised the successful rehabilitation in Korea (Executive Director of UNEP, 10th Ramsar Convention) 10

Factors of Successful Rehabilitation Forestry factor Establishment of foundation for forest rehabilitation such as enactment of Forest Law(1961), establishment of Forest Administration(1967), etc. Sustainable establishment and implementation of forest rehabilitation plans Non-forestry factor Public participation and strong will power of the leaders Wide use of coal led by economic growth

Forest Rehabilitation with Public Participation

Before & After Rehabilitation Erosion control project site in Cheongha, Yeong-il, North Gyeongsang prov.(1984)

Forests Resources in Korea

Stock volume per ha(m3/ha) Forest Cover 6.4 million ha of forests cover 64% of the land 70% of the forests are privately owned Private National Public Stock volume per ha(m3/ha)

Change in growing stock Year Stock volume per ha 16㎥ 103㎥

Forest type distribution Coniferous forests make up a large proportion Pine and oak species (Mongolian oak, acorn, etc.) are dominant Oak species (58%) Others (42%) Pine(50%) Larch(20%) Pitch pine(15%) Korean pine(10%) Others(5%) (29%) (26%) (42%) (3%) Others Coniferous Broadleaved Mixed

Age class distribution 61% of the forests are aged less than 30 years Generally in the stage where extensive management is necessary (Unit: 1,000 ha) V and older I II IV III

Public values of forest Public benefits were valued at US$ 60 billion as of 2007 Value per capita : US$ 1,240 Total forest production as of the end of 2005 : US$ 2.8 billion Landslide prevention 3.7 (6.1%) Wildlife protection 0.7 (1.2%) Water quality improvement 16.0 (26.6%) Water filtering 5.5 (9.2%) Forest recreation 10.6 (17.6%) Air quality improvement 12.2 (20.4%) Erosion control 11.3 (18.9%) 1 unit = US$ 1 billion US$ 1 = 1,100 WON, as of 2005

Agricultural material (2%) Forest Products Net growing stock (32.2%) USD 1,345 M Timber (4%) Fruit &nuts (13%) Agricultural material (2%) Mushroom (8%) Reforestation(2%) Wild vegetable (6%) Landscape materials (22.0%) USD 777.5 M Bamboo and others (5%) Total Production USD 3,558 M

Key Forest Policies

Organizational Chart Minister Press Secretary Deputy Minister Administrative Services Bureau of Coordination and Plantation Bureau of Forest Resources Bureau of Forest Use Bureau of Forest Protection Planning and Finance Administration Management Legislative affairs and Audit Information & Statistics Forest Policy Forest Resources Green Job Promotion Timber Utilization and Product International Cooperation Forest Land Management National Forest Management Forest Recreation & Outdoor Activities Forestry Support Forest Environment Conservation Urban Forest & Landscape Forest Fire Control Forest Engineering & Rehabilitation Forest Disease & Pest 4 Bureaus 19 Divisions 1Team

Agencies under KFS Korea Forest Service Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) National Natural Recreation Forest Office National Arboretum Forest Human Resources Development Institute 4 Departments 4 Research Centers Forest Aviation Headquarters Regional Forest Service Korea Forest Seed and Variety Center 7 Aviation Stations 5 Regional Forest Service 27 National Forest Station

Transition in forest policies Creation of fuel forests Erosion control projects, restoration of burned field Forest restoration stage Forest revegetation stage Completion of Beginning of forest management Resource development stage Expansion of plantation species Creation of commercial forests Initial stage of sustainable management Introduction of ecological forestation Intensive forest

The Fifth National Forest Plan 『Sustainable Green Welfare Nation』(2008~2017) Six Strategies Integrated management and development of forest resources Enhancement of carbon sinks in forests Promotion of forest industry and competitiveness Conservation and management of forest ecosystem Urban forests and forest recreation International cooperation

Forestry Bilateral Cooperation Russia 2006.10.17 Mongolia 1998.10.24 China 1998.6.15 Myanmar 1999.7.22 Vietnam 1999.7.22 Cambodia 2008.6.3 Indonesia, 1987.6.20 (1979.2 first meeting) Australia 1997.7.18 Paraguay 2009.7.31 Uruguay 2008.9.2 New Zealand 1997.4.29

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