Water in the biosphere.

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Presentation transcript:

Water in the biosphere

Reading Water in a Changing World

Water and food

Rainfall and plant growth Sala et al. Ecology 1988 Rosenzweig Am. Nat.1968

Global Hydrologic Cycle (key components) Energy from the sun produces evaporation (mostly from oceans) Storage in a variety pools (e.g., oceans, atmosphere, soils, groundwater, lakes, rivers, glaciers) Fluxes among pools (e.g., evaporation, sublimation, precipitation, runoff)

Water in the biosphere 97.6%

Major pools of FW: Glaciers & polar ice 2.08%

Major pools of FW: Groundwater 0.295%

Major pools of FW: Lakes 0.009% Lake Baikal Lake Malawi

Major pools of FW: Saline lakes 0.008%

Major pools of FW: Soils 0.005% NASA Soil moisture

Major pools of FW: Rivers Yukon River USGS 0.00009%

Major pools of FW: atmosphere 0.0009%

Water in the biosphere Fresh water is a resource of pronounced scarcity from Wetzel 2001 =0.31% !!!!

Residence (renewal) time Reflects the turnover rate of a pool (how long would it take to re-fill if you drained it?) Residence time = volume / flow rate Important implications for water withdrawal and pollutant dynamics

Water in the biosphere from Wetzel 2001

If a truck carrying a load of benzene (an environmental contaminant) crashed and dumped its load into a) a ground water reservoir or b) a typical freshwater lake, in which system would benzene persist longer? Why?

Mechanisms for spatial variation in precipitation Large scale circulation patterns (e.g., Hadley cells) Continental topography and interactions with prevailing atmospheric circulation patterns

Hadley cells

Topographic effects on precipitation

Global annual precipitation patterns

Where do people live globally?

Capturing river flow (runoff) Postel et al. Science 1996

Water & Society FISH 101 Daniel Schindler Julian Olden http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/ http://www.worldwater.org/ Daniel Schindler Julian Olden (Winter Quarter)