Chapter 2 – Molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 – Molecules

Chemicals of Life Two Main Classes Inorganic (without Carbon-Hydrogen bonds) Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Salts Na, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Phosphate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulfate Organic (chains of Carbon-Hydrogen bonds attached to other elements, mostly N, P, O) Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates CH20 Energy supply, build some cell structures Simple Carbs Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose) Disaccharides (Sucrose, Lactose) Complex Carbs Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose)

Lipids Fats (energy storage), phospholipids (cell membranes), steroids (cell signaling) Also made of C, H & O, but less O than carbs (e.g. tristearin is C57H110O6) Building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol (3 fatty acids + glycerol = triglyceride) A fatty acid with all single bonds between the C & H are known as Saturated When there are double bonds, the fatty acid is called Unsaturated Which type of fat is worse? Why?

Proteins Humans have over 200,000 types of proteins Structure, energy, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, hemoglobin, muscle fibers, enzymes Made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids

Nucleic Acids Made of nucleotides Sugar, phosphate, base (AGCT/U) DNA & RNA Carry instructions for making the cell’s proteins

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