Unit 10: Endocrine System

Robert Wadlow https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N4bg1btzY4 Robert’s human growth hormones went crazy and unchecked and because of that he never stopped growing until he died…

Endocrine System: Structure and Function

Endocrine System Structures Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Pineal gland Thymus Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands (suprarenal) Pancreas Testes (gonads) Ovaries (gonads)

Color the Structures Pituitary gland : RED Hypothalamus : ORANGE Pineal gland : LIGHT BLUE Thymus : YELLOW Thyroid gland : BROWN Parathyroid glands : WHITE Adrenal glands : BLUE Pancreas : BLACK Testes : RED Ovaries : RED

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVrlHH14q3o

Hypothalamus 1. Located at the base of the brain, Superior to Brainstem 2. Maintains all Homeostasis in body. 3. Not part of the Endocrine System but it controls the release of hormones from it. 4. Part of the Brain that connects the Nervous System to the Endocrine System (Pituitary gland).

Pituitary Gland: 1. Located at the base of brain Inferior to Hypothalamus 2. “Pea” sized structure 3. The “Boss” of the Endocrine System. Controls all other glands. Neurohypophysis: (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland) “Store House” for hormones that were produced by the Hypothalamus

Pineal Gland 1. Located in Deep in center of Brain 2. Maintains Circadian Rhythm (biological clock) 3. Regulates reproductive hormones

Adrenal Glands 1. Located on top of the kidneys (suprarenal) 2. “Fight or Flight” response 3. Also produces steroid hormones like Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids

Thymus Gland 1. Located Posterior to Lungs 2. Active during puberty then shrinks away.

Thyroid Gland 1. Located in throat area surrounding Trachea 2. Controls metabolism

Parathyroid Glands 1. Located with the Thyroid in throat area 2. Regulates Calcium levels

Pancreas 1. Located Posterior to Stomach 2. Regulates Blood Sugar

Testes 1. Located in the pubic region 2. Male Characteristics 3. Testes are Gonads because they produce gametes (sperm)

Ovaries 1. Located on each side of lower abdomen 2. Female Characteristics 3. Ovaries are Gonads because they produce gametes (ova)

Endocrine System Hormone List Epinepherine (Adrenaline): Increases heart rate and breathing; Adrenal Glands Insulin: Lowers blood sugar level; Pancreas Glucagon: Raises blood sugar level; Pancreas Melatonin: Biological clock; Pineal Gland Oxytocin: Contractions during childbirth, Breast feeding, “Cuddling”; Hypothalamus Testosterone: Male characteristics; Testes Estrogen: Female characteristics; Ovaries Progesterone: Maintains pregnancy; Ovaries Human Growth (HGH): Growth and Development; Pituitary Gland Serotonin: Mood, Appetite, Sleep, Memory, and Learning; Pineal Gland Dopamine: Pleasure/Pain, Addiction, Lust, Risk v. Reward, Emotions; Pituitary Gland Thyroxine: Regulates metabolism; Thyroid Cortisol: Stress; Adrenal Glands Endorphins: Pain block; Pituitary Gland Thymosin: Makes WBC’s lymphocytes; Thymus *Glucocorticoid: Regulates metabolism; Adrenal Glands *Mineralocorticoid: Controls mineral homeostasis; Adrenal Glands