Understanding Younger Drivers RED Italicized text throughout this PowerPoint is to be updated by the presenter. Name Agency Date, Year

What is the Problem? Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for younger people under the age of 29. In 2013: 124 fatalities (32% of all traffic fatalities) 12,262 injuries (40% of the all traffic injuries)

What is the Problem? Minnesota Younger Drivers in 2013 (Ages 15-29) 946,508 licensed drivers (23% of all drivers) 46,850 crashes (35% of all crashes)

What is the Problem? 93% of crashes are due, in part, to driver behavior See Toolkit “The Importance of Driver Behavior to Improve Road Safety” page 6 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf

Younger Driver Risk Factors Immaturity and developmental characteristics such as heightened impulsivity and sensation-seeking behavior A lack of driving skills and experience Exposure to higher risk driving environments (e.g., driving at night or with adolescent passengers) Greater willingness to engage in risk-taking behavior (e.g., distracted driving, speed and seatbelt non-use) Overestimation of their ability to multitask while driving

Younger Driver Risk Factors The Minnesota DPS Office of Traffic Safety reveals that teen crashes have predictable patterns, such as, teens: Are prone to making simple driving errors, often while speeding. Are twice as likely to crash at night. Commonly crash while driving to and from school, especially after school, and with other teens in the car. Crash risk greatly increases with the presence of teen passengers; teen passengers promote risk-taking behaviors.

Impaired All Younger Drivers Overview 46% of crashes each year involved younger drivers.

All Younger Drivers PSA Video The Younger Driver Toolkit (http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf) that accompanies this PowerPoint includes a series of 10 Public Service Announcement videos for each of the four behavioral areas. As a presenter, you are encouraged to select a video that is most appropriate for your audience and consider replacing the one included here. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvLaTupw-hk

Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Year Younger driver severe crashes for ages 21-29 have remained consistent over the past five years, while crashes for ages 15-20 have decreased.

Crashes by Age and Gender Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Age and Gender 66% of younger drivers in severe crashes are male.

Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Type Run-off-road and right angle crashes are the most prevalent severe crash types for younger drivers, 27% and 23% respectively.

Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Time of Day 21% of severe crashes involving younger drivers occurred between the hours of 3:00 – 5:59PM.

Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Month There was a slight increase in severe crashes involving younger drivers in the summer months, but overall, the crashes occur relatively evenly throughout the year.

Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Road Type 40% of severe crashes involving younger drivers occur on rural 2-lane roadways.

Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections 44% of younger driver severe crashes at intersections for ages 15-20 occurred at side-street stop-controlled intersections. Younger driver severe crashes at intersections for ages 21-29 occurred at signalized and stop-controlled intersections, 34% and 36% respectively.

Crashes by Additional Contributing Factors Impaired All Younger Drivers Crashes by Additional Contributing Factors The majority of severe crashes involving younger drivers were intersection-related or lane departure crashes.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Overview 24% of crashes involving younger occupants were unbelted

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants PSA Video The Younger Driver Toolkit (http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf) that accompanies this PowerPoint includes a series of 10 Public Service Announcement videos for each of the four behavioral areas. As a presenter, you are encouraged to select a video that is most appropriate for your audience and consider replacing the one included here. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-8PBx7isoM

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Severe Crash Facts 69% were male 56% were run-off-road crashes 59% occurred on rural, 2-lane roads 21% occurred between midnight and 3AM Lane departure was the leading contributing factor

Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Strategy Considerations Teen passengers at highest risk for unbelted severe crash. Social pressure to not buckle up and poor understanding of risks of injury contribute to lower belt use among teens. Younger drivers more likely to buckle up due to enforcement and stronger belt penalties. Strengthen perception of being stopped through high-viz enforcement. Implement peer competitions to increase observed belt use. Incorporate peer‐to‐peer outreach to change norms or expectations and attitudes around seat belt use. Engage parents to monitor teen belt use and impose consequences. See Toolkit “Unbelted occupants attitudes and motivations” page 8 and 9 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Overview 24% of crashes involving young drivers were alcohol-related

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers PSA Video The Younger Driver Toolkit (http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf) that accompanies this PowerPoint includes a series of 10 Public Service Announcement videos for each of the four behavioral areas. As a presenter, you are encouraged to select a video that is most appropriate for your audience and consider replacing the one included here. http://www.trafficsafetymarketing.gov/CAMPAIGNS/Drunk+Driving/Drive+Sober+or+Get+Pulled+Over/Saint+Patrick%27s+Day/Video+-+No+Money

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Severe Crash Facts Crashes decreased for the past 5 years (ages 15- 20 only) 80% were male 76% were 21 years of age or older 54% were run-off-road crashes 51% occurred on 2-lane rural roads 34% occurred between Midnight and 3 AM Lane departure was the leading contributing factor

Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Strategy Considerations Drivers under age 19 are less likely than adults to drink and drive; when they do, their risk of crash is greater. Younger drivers hold misconceptions & exaggerated views of peers drinking & driving behavior. Perceptions of peers behavior—or how many drinks “most friends” have before driving—heavily influences drinking and driving decisions. Overestimating peers’ approval influences motivation to drink & drive. Safety interventions aimed at correcting perceptions of peers’ attitudes toward drinking and driving reduce motivations to drink and drive. See Toolkit “Alcohol and Impaired driving attitudes and motivations” page 10 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Greater likelihood to consume alcohol in larger quantities over shorter period. Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Overview 21% of crashes involved younger drivers were speeding- related

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers PSA Video The Younger Driver Toolkit (http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf) that accompanies this PowerPoint includes a series of 10 Public Service Announcement videos for each of the four behavioral areas. As a presenter, you are encouraged to select a video that is most appropriate for your audience and consider replacing the one included here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpJhf3qoOk4

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Severe Crash Facts 74% were male 51% were run-off-road crashes 48% occurred on rural, 2-lane roads 21% occurred between midnight and 3 AM Lane departure and lack of seatbelt use were the leading contributing factors

Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Strategy Considerations Drivers perceive posted speed limits as a minimum speed to drive Drivers have varying beliefs about how fast to drive before being ticketed Factors influencing speed: being late, social pressure, inattention, positive feelings about driving fast Enforce posted speed limits and provide consistent and sustained enforcement; include communication about the enforcement Advocate for stronger speed penalties; consider stronger city ordinances for speeding on local roads See Toolkit “Speeding attitudes and motivations” page 11 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Overview 17% of crashes involving younger drivers were distraction- related

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers PSA Video The Younger Driver Toolkit (http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf) that accompanies this PowerPoint includes a series of 10 Public Service Announcement videos for each of the four behavioral areas. As a presenter, you are encouraged to select a video that is most appropriate for your audience and consider replacing the one included here. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnw_7xI5klM

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Severe Crash Facts 63% were male 52% were run-off-road crashes and rear end/sideswipe passing crashes 41% occurred on rural, 2-lane roads 22% occurred between 3 PM and 6 PM Crashes were more predominant in the summer months of June and July 49% occurred at side-street stop-controlled intersections (ages 15-20 only) 34% occurred at stop-controlled intersections (ages 21-29 only) 34% occurred at signalized intersections (ages 21-29 only) Lane departure and intersection-related were the leading contributing factors

Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Strategy Considerations Cell phone use, among all distractions, is particularly risky due to frequency and length of cell use; “addictive” quality of cell use Teen drivers vs. adults, divert attention to secondary tasks for longer timeframes resulting in sizeable increase in crash risk Nationally, 1/3 of drivers 18 to 24 believe eyes off the road for 3 to 10 seconds is safe Distracted driving is highly under-reported Parents and peers are critical influencers for teen drivers in establishing norms or expectations regarding acceptable driving behavior and perceived risk. See Toolkit “Distracted driving attitudes and motivations” page 12-13 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Strategies for Behavior Change Most effective formula for changing driver behavior: Strong policy or laws Enforcement of the laws Education and outreach about driving risks and enforcement See Toolkit “Example Community-Based Safety Strategies to Strengthen Younger Driver Safety” page 27 for additional slide comments. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Example Local Community Safety Strategies For Belt Use, Distracted, Speed, & Alcohol: Publicize and support high-visibility law enforcement efforts Promote local employer traffic safety policies and training Promote parental engagement See Toolkit “Safety Strategies” page 28 for additional slide comments and resources. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Questions? Impaired Name Agency Email Phone Thank You!

Optional Additional Slides Impaired The remaining slides provide: More detailed graphs for the four behavioral areas. Additional behavioral safety strategies Use these slides to tailor and incorporate into your presentation to fit your audience’s needs.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Year Unbelted younger driver or passenger severe crashes for ages 21-29 have remained consistent over the past five years, while crashes for ages 15-20 have decreased.

Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Age and Gender 69% of unbelted younger drivers or passengers involved in a severe crash are male.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Crash Type 56% of severe crashes involving unbelted younger drivers or passengers were run-off-road crashes.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Time of Day 21% of unbelted younger driver severe crashes occurred between the hours of 12:00 – 2:59 AM.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Month There was a slight increase in severe crashes involving unbelted younger drivers or passengers in the spring/summer for driver ages 15-20, but overall, the crashes do not seem to have a significant pattern throughout the year.

Unbelted Younger Occupants Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Road Type 59% of severe crashes involving unbelted younger drivers or passengers occurred on rural, 2-lane roads.

Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections 36% of unbelted-related severe crashes involving younger drivers and passengers at intersections occurred at side-street stop-controlled intersections. 37% of intersection- related crashes had unknown signal control.

Impaired Unbelted Younger Occupants Additional Contributing Factors Lane departure was the leading contributing factor of severe crashes involving unbelted younger drivers and passengers.

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Year Impaired and alcohol-related severe crashes for drivers ages 15-20 have decreased in the past 5 years, while crashes for drivers ages 21-29 have remained relatively stable.

Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Age and Gender 80% of impaired and alcohol-related severe crashes involved a male younger driver. 76% of impaired and alcohol-related severe crashes involved younger drivers that were 21 years of age or older.

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Crash Type 54% of impaired or alcohol-related severe crashes involving younger drivers were run-off-road crashes.

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Time of Day 34% of impaired or alcohol-related severe crashes involving younger drivers occurred between the hours of 12:00 – 2:59AM.

Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Time of Day and Month Impaired or alcohol-related severe crashes for younger drivers do not seem to have a significant pattern throughout the year.

Alcohol - Younger Drivers Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Road Type 51% of impaired or alcohol-related severe crashes involving younger drivers occurred on 2-lane rural roads.

Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections Impaired and alcohol-related severe crashes at intersections occurred at signalized and stop-controlled intersections, 26% and 29% respectively. 39% had unknown signal control.

Impaired Alcohol - Younger Drivers Additional Contributing Factors Lane departure was the leading contributing factor of impaired and alcohol-related severe crashes involving younger drivers.

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Year Speeding severe crashes involving younger drivers have remained stable from 2009 to 2013.

Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Age and Gender 74% of speeding younger drivers involved in a severe crash are male.

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Crash Type 51% of severe crashes involving speeding younger drivers were run-off-road crashes.

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Time of DaY 21% of speeding-related severe crashes involving younger drivers occurred between the hours of 12:00 – 2:59 AM.

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Month There was a slight increase in severe crashes involving speeding younger driver in July, but overall, the crashes do not seem to have a significant pattern throughout the year.

Speeding Younger Drivers Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Road Type 48% of severe crashes involving speeding younger drivers occurred on rural, 2-lane roads.

Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections 35% of speeding-related severe crashes involving younger drivers at intersections for ages 15-29 at signalized intersections. 39% of intersection-related crashes had unknown signal control.

Impaired Speeding Younger Drivers Additional Contributing Factors Lane departure and lack of seatbelt use were the leading contributing factors of severe crashes involving speeding younger drivers.

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Overview

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Year Distracted severe crashes involving younger drivers have remained stable from 2009 to 2013.

Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Age and Gender 63% of distracted younger drivers involved in severe crashes are male.

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Type 52% of severe crashes involving distracted younger drivers were run-off-road crashes and rear end/sideswipe passing crashes.

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Time of Day 22% of severe crashes involving younger drivers occurred between the hours of 3:00 – 5:59PM

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Month Distracted severe crashes involving younger drivers are more predominant in the summer months of June and July.

Distracted Younger Drivers Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Road Type 41% of severe crashes involving distracted younger drivers occurred on rural, 2-lane roads.

Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Crashes by Traffic Control at Intersections 49% of distracted younger driver severe crashes at intersections for ages 15-20 occurred at side-street stop-controlled intersections. Distracted younger driver severe crashes at intersections for ages 21-29 occurred at signalized and stop-controlled intersections, 34% and 34% respectively

Impaired Distracted Younger Drivers Additional Contributing Factors Lane departure and intersection-related were the leading contributing factors of severe crashes involving distracted young drivers.

Example Local Community Safety Strategies For Belt Use: Promote “Saved by the Belt” testimonies during seat belt enforcement saturations See Toolkit “Safety Strategies” pages 28-29 for additional slide comments and resources. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Example Local Community Safety Strategies For Distracted Driving: Strengthen understanding and experience with dangers of distracted driving U of MN Distraction Dodger simulator game See Toolkit “Safety Strategies” page 29 for additional slide comments and resources. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Example Local Community Safety Strategies For Impaired and Alcohol-Related: Promote local liquor establishments’ participation in DPS server/seller training to help prevent over serving & selling to minors See Toolkit “Safety Strategies” page 29-30 for additional slide comments and resources. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies

Example Local Community Safety Strategies For Impaired and Alcohol-Related: Implement or strengthen community sober ride and alternative transportation services See Toolkit “Safety Strategies” page 30 for additional slide comments and resources. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/research/TS/2015/2015RIC04.pdf Younger Drivers Toolkit for Local Agencies