Experimental Design & Critical Interpretation of Research

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental Design & Critical Interpretation of Research Chapter 15 Experimental Design & Critical Interpretation of Research 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

The Scientific Method Steps in the scientific method Research purpose or problem Hypothesis Experimentation Interpretation or analysis Conclusion Theory formulation 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

The Scientific Method Historical applications Antoine Lavoisier First to implement this method Hypothesized that respiration in animals was a form of combustion Experimented to test the hypothesis Theorized that consumption of O2 is related to amount of C burned or heat produced in the animal 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Research Methodologies Broad classifications Qualitative Uses verbal data Quantitative Uses data expressed in numbers 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Research Methodologies Historical method (qualitative) Descriptive survey method (qualitative) Case studies Analytical survey method (quantitative) Statistical methods Observational research Epidemiological or cohort studies 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Research Methodologies Experimental method (quantitative) Control group-experimental group Based on cause & effect Clinical trial 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Terms that Describe Research Quality Validity Whether instrument measures what it’s supposed to measure Accuracy How close instrument is to true value Reliability Whether it’s accurate enough Precision Whether it is consistent in its results 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Initiation of Research Select the research topic or problem to be solved Clearly state the question to be researched Prepare a research plan/proposal Plan for the collection & preparation of data 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Problems & Pitfalls in Research Failure to plan properly Soluble problems Insoluble problems Application of statistics in the analysis of data Insufficient power of the statistical test 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Evaluation of Research & Scientific Literature Type of publication Peer-reviewed journals Meta-analysis Review articles Nutrition in the media 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

Nutrition Research on the Internet What is the source of the Web site? Who are the contributors? Is the Web site efficiently managed? What links to other Web sites & databases are provided? 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth

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