“2nd Industrial Revolution & Age of Imperialism” 1892 1912 1920 Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation U.S. involvement in Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, Latin America, etc. “Progressive Reform Era” 1890s 1901 1917 1920s ** How do we address problems arising from … industrialization (big business, labor strife) urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption) immigration (ethnic diversity) inequality & social injustice (women & racism)

Development of Modern America

1890 is the “year of division” Nativism … Why Nativism? What were the causes of nativist sentiment? (write these …) “Old” versus “New” immigrants … Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries. Before the Civil War … 1890 is the “year of division” New – Southeastern Europeans, mainly from Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, as well as Canada and China, but also record numbers of Irish & Germans By 1900 … By 1920 …

Handout, “New Immigrants and Old” (1) What major differences between the “Old” and “New” immigrants stand out to you? (2) Looking at the immigration statistics, what numbers stand out to you, and looking at the total U.S. population below (say, in 1870 it’s 38.5 million people), how might this affect the United States? 1870 - 38,558,371 1880 - 50,189,209 1890 - 62,979,766 1900 - 76,212,168 1910 - 92,228,496 1920 - 106,021,537 1930 - 123,202,624

Cultural Differences between “Old” versus “New” immigrants … “Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants - Newcomers needed to be “Americanized” - Immigration a “problem to be solved” - Examples of “social control” (write these …) “New” Immigrants were largely Catholic and Jewish - Resisted complete “Americanization”

Efforts to retain the Culture: “New” Immigrants Largely urban dwellers - By 1900, percentage of foreign born … Efforts to retain the Culture: (1) “Saloon culture” versus the “Sunday Blue Laws” / Puritan culture … (2) Practiced “Chain migration” … (3) Parochial Schools … (4) Settled in “Ethnic Enclaves” …

Ellis Island Angel Island Read pages 336 at “Optimism and the Immigrant Experience” to 337, stopping at “Social Issues Affecting Immigrants” (1) How did economic class affect your experience at an immigrant processing station? (2) What was the difference in experiences of immigrants at Ellis versus Angel Islands?

Why are these imperialistic? Define Imperialism? Why are these imperialistic? European actions in Africa in 1800’s? U.S. involvement in Japan in 1853? U.S. involvement in Hawaii? Spanish-American War making U.S. imperialistic? U.S. and European actions in China? U.S. actions in Latin America?

Imperialism The economic and political domination of a stronger nation or people over a weaker one

- Berlin Conference, 1884-85 - Divided up Africa into colonies - Committed to “free trade” - Committed to end slavery in Africa

Africa, 1912, based upon 1884-85 Conference

Causes of U.S. Imperialism [1] Markets for U.S. goods … [2] Establishing U.S. military bases … [3] Anglo-Saxonism / Extending U.S. cultural influence … *** Nothing altruistic about it!!!