Body Planes, Directions, Cavities, and Regional Terminology An Introduction to Body Planes, Directions, Cavities, and Regional Terminology

Introduction LMAO! Anatomic reference systems describe the location and functions of body parts. The basic reference systems are: body planes body directions body regions body cavities

Objectives understand the how 3 body planes divide the human body Be able to use directional terminology in describing different areas of the body Identify and recognize body regions Gain a working understanding of body cavities and the organs they house

What is a “Plane?” A “body plane”is an imaginary line drawn through the body which separates it into sections.

Body Planes: The Sagittal Plane -The Sagittal Plane Divides the body into right and left sides

Body Planes: The Frontal Plane The “Frontal Plane” divides the body into front and back section. The frontal plane is sometimes called the “Coronal Plane.”

Body Planes: The Transverse Plane The “transverse Plane” divides the body into sections above and below the midline.

The Orange activity Use a marker to label the top and bottom of your orange. Draw a line around the orange which represents the transverse plane. Label. Draw a line around the orange which represents the frontal or coronal plane. Label. Draw a line around the orange which represents the Sagittal Plane. Label.

The Orange activity Cut the orange in half along the transverse plane. When Finished, use a toothpick to put the orange back together. Cut the orange in half along coronal plane. When Finished, use toothpicks to put the orange back together. Cut the orange in half along the Sagittal Plane. When Finished, use toothpicks to put the orange back together.

Directional Terminology 1. Anterior = body parts on the front of the body 2. Posterior = body parts on the back of the body The frontal plane divides the body into “anterior” and “posterior” regions.

Directional Terminology Cranial or Superior = body parts near the head Caudal or Inferior = body parts located near the sacrum, or tail bone. Cranial Caudal

Directional Terminology Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body 2. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body

Lateral and Medial Lateral referrs to

Directional Terminology Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference Distal = body parts away from the point of reference

In Summary…

Regions of the Body: The Head Frontal (forehead) Temporal (temple) Orbital (eye) Nasal (nose) Buccal (cheek) Oral (mouth cavity) Mandibular (lower jaw) Parietal (top and sides of the head) Occipital (back of the head)

Regions of the Body: The Neck Anterior Cervical (front of neck) Lateral Cervical (side of neck) Supraclavicular (above the clavicle) Nuchal (back of neck)

Regions of the Body: Anterior Torso Pectoral (anterior of chest) Abdominal (abdomen) Pelvic (pelvis) Pubic (genital region) Perineal (between pubis and coccyx)

Regions of the Body: Posterior Torso Scapular (shoulder blade) Vertebral (Spinal Column) Paraspinal (the side of the spine) Lumbar (lower back) Sacral (posterior pelvis) Coccygeal (tail bone)

Regions of the Body: The Upper Limb Deltoid (shoulder) Acromial (top of shoulder) Axillary (armpit) Brachial (upper arm) Antecubital (front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal (wrist) Cubital (elbow) Palmar (palm) Digital (fingers)

Regions of the Body: The Lower Limb Coxal (hip) Patellar (knee cap) Fibular (lateral leg) Gluteal (buttock) Femoral (thigh) Popliteal (back of knee) Crural (calf) Tarsal (ankle) Dorsum (top of the foot) Plantar (sole) Digital (toes)

Use directional, regional terminology and/or body cavity locations to describe these injuries. A dislocated spine A scraped forearm A stomach ache A black eye A stubbed toe A broken rib A bruised tailbone

Body Cavities: The Dorsal Cavity -A long continuous cavity that is located on the back (or posterior) of the body, divided into two sections Cranial Cavity = contains the brain Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal cord

Divisions of the Spinal Cord Cervical vertebrae: C Thoracic vertebrae: T Lumbar vertebrae: L Sacrum: S

Body Cavities: The Anterior Larger and separated into 2 distinct cavities by a dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm, which is important for breathing. Thoracic Cavity = located in the chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the large blood vessels

Body Cavities: The Anterior 2. Abdominal Cavity = divided into quadrants… Upper part contains the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen 3. Pelvic Cavity = lower abdominal cavity containing urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and last part of the large intestines

Body Cavities: The Anterior

Body Cavities: Review

Abdominal Regions: Quadrants 1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal Regions: Epigastric Umbilical Pelvic Hypochondriac Lateral Inguinal

Abdominal Regions

Practice Quiz: Can YOU Name these Body Cavities?

Body Cavities Cranial Thoracic Spinal Diaphragm Adbdominal Pelvic

That’s all Folks!