Chapter 10 Section 1 Objective 3.01 Politics of Slavery Chapter 10 Section 1 Objective 3.01

Objective 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

North and South Develop differently

North Immigrants oppose slavery Feared competition between free labor and slave labor Threatened to reduce status of white workers who could not compete with slaves

South Fewer immigrants Slaves were the majority in SC, LA, and MS

Slavery in the Territories Wilmot Proviso – would have closed Mexican Cession lands to slavery forever Passed in House, Defeated in Senate – why? Southerners saw slaves as property – Constitutional right

California Southerners assumed it would be a slave state. Why? California applies for admission as a free state. Sets off debate.

Sectionalism Many issues relating to sectionalism faced the 31st Congress (1849) California Texas/NM Slavery in DC Fugitive Slave Act Secession?

Henry Clay The Great Compromiser worked to pass a compromise in the Senate The Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state Utah and New Mexico decide territories decide about slavery – popular sovereignty – right of the people to decide Texas-NM boundary dispute settled; Texas paid $10 million Sale of slaves banned in D.C. Slavery may continue there Stronger Fugitive Slave Act

Daniel Webster assists Webster helped Clay’s appeal for nat’l unity 7th of March Speech Angered home state (MA) Support of Fugitive Slave Act?

Senate rejects Compromise Clay leaves Washington Stephen Douglas of Illinois pushes Compromise through He broke it up and passed the resolutions one by one

Millard Fillmore Gen. Zachary Taylor dies (President) Millard Fillmore becomes President and supports the Compromise

Fugitive Slave Act Many surprised by harsh terms Fugitives not entitled to a jury Fed. commissioners received $10 for returning a runaway and $5 for freeing him or her

Personal Liberty Laws Passed by Northern states – forbade imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed jury trials Enraged Southerners

Underground Railroad Secret network that helped slaves escape Most famous conductor was Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman Most famous conductor of Underground Railroad Suffered brain damage (hit by overseer) as a young slave Eventually ran away Made 19 trips back to the South to help 300 slaves escape

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Published 1852 Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Fictional novel about life under slavery Inflamed passions

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (continued) Northern abolitionists increased protests Southerners became determined to defend slavery

Slavery kept tightly controlled in South Slave codes – pre-Civil War laws in South – regulated would a slave could and couldn’t do Ex. – illegal to teach a slave to read

Nebraska and Kansas Douglas pushes to organize territory west of Iowa and Missouri in 1854 2 reasons: Chicago – San Francisco RR Believed people wanted western lands incorporated into the Union

Popular Sovereignty Douglas pushes for popular sovereignty in Nebraska and Kansas territories People decide (about slavery) This territory was north of the 36’30 line from the Missouri Compromise

Prairie slavery?

Kansas – Nebraska Act Jan. 1854 – Douglas introduces bill into Congress Divides territory into Nebraska (north) and Kansas (south) Established popular sovereignty in both territories (repealed Missouri Compromise) Bill strongly supported by Southerners Passes with the help of…

Franklin Pierce Democrat Elected President in 1852

Violence Erupts Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers rush to settle Kansas and set up their own governments

“Border Ruffians” Pro-slavery advocates from Missouri illegally voted in a Pro-slavery gov’t Lecompton Constitution Abolitionists organized a rival gov’t in Topeka in 1855

“Sack of Lawrence” Antislavery settlers founded Lawrence, KS 1856 - Posse of 800 armed men burned down the town

“Pottawatomie Massacre” Ardent abolitionist John Brown heard (mistakenly) that 5 men had been killed at Lawrence He and his followers killed 5 men in pro-slavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek

“Bleeding Kansas” “waving the bloody shirt”

Violence in the Senate Preston Brooks (SC) canes Charles Sumner (Mass) May 22, 1856