Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Melatonin suppression by light in 3 subject groups. Suppression is calculated as follows: 100%−[(average level between 3 and 4 AM/average level between 1 and 2 AM)×100%]. Distributions in the 3 groups do not differ (F2,94=0.33, P=.72). Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Melatonin levels throughout the night in bipolar patients (n=13) (top) and control subjects (n=41) (bottom) under conditions of light and dark with placebo administration and following oral propranolol hydrochloride administration, 10 mg, given at 11 PM. The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure on the nights when light was administered. Data are presented as mean and SE. There is an effect of condition (F1,156=129.75, P<.001) and drug (F1,156=4.27, P=.04) on the 3 to 4 AM average melatonin level, but there is no group effect and no significant interaction including group. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Melatonin levels throughout the night in bipolar patients taking and not taking lithium (n=12). A time and condition interaction (F11,484=3.11, P<.001) is seen, but there is no effect of drug. One additional patient was tested on a light night only while taking lithium; these data are not included in the figure. The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure on the nights when light was administered. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Cortisol levels during the light condition in 3 subject groups (bipolar, n=23; unipolar, n=24; and control, n=50). A time and condition interaction (F11,2057=7.83, P<.001) was seen, but there was no effect of group and no interaction including group. The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Cortisol levels during the dark condition in 3 subject groups (bipolar, n=23; unipolar, n=24; and control, n=50). A time and condition interaction (F11,2057=7.83, P<.001) was seen, but there was no effect of group and no interaction including group. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Corticotropin (ACTH) values during the light condition in 3 subject groups (bipolar, n=10; unipolar, n=3; and control, n=21). An effect of time (F11,355=2.71, P<.003) was seen, but there was no effect of group and no group×time interaction. The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Melatonin levels in patients with bipolar I disorder and control subjects matched for age, sex, and season of testing. Patients with bipolar I disorder showed a trend to increased dark-adjusted melatonin suppression (light night suppression−dark night suppression) compared with matched controls (t13=1.78, P=.08). The patient group demonstrated significantly lower baseline (t13=2.40, P=.03) and nadir (the 3-4 AM average) (t13=2.32, P=.04) melatonin levels on the light night. Patients with bipolar I disorder also showed a later peak in melatonin secretion (3:40 AM vs 2:50 AM; t=2.66, P=.02) on the dark night. The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure on the nights when light was administered. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Melatonin Suppression by Light in Euthymic Bipolar and Unipolar Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):572-579. doi:10-1001/pubs.Arch Gen Psychiatry-ISSN-0003-990x-57-6-yoa8198 Figure Legend: Dark-adjusted melatonin suppression in 3 groups of patients with bipolar I disorder separated by medication status. Patients not taking any psychotropic medications for 5 weeks or longer had greater suppression than those not taking any medication for 2 to 5 weeks or those tested while taking lithium (F2,50=4.39, P=.02). The gap between the dark bars on the x-axis indicates the period of light exposure on the nights when light was administered. Date of download: 10/24/2017 Copyright © 2000 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.