APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES TO CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION A Method for Reconstructing the Past, 7th Edition SECTION II APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES TO CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved

MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS A Method for Reconstructing the Past, 7th Edition Criminal Investigation Chapter 13 MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS 2

Criminal Investigations Administrative Management Selection and training of investigators Reports and records Resource allocation Historical Antecedents: Founding fathers delegated law enforcement to the states Crime was local in nature Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Conventional Investigative Arrangements Police departments were formally organized in the nineteenth century Detective bureaus were established Personnel selection based partly on political considerations This practice has continued even today Policy divided the force into separate camps Uniformed and detective Organization Detectives Specialists Generalists Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved

Managing Criminal Investigations MCI Model – Based on Measurable Criteria: Number of Arrests Number of Cases Cleared Number of Convictions Number of Cases Accepted for Prosecution Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Managing Criminal Investigations The Elements of MCI The Initial Investigation Case Screening Management of the Continuing Investigation Police-Prosecutor Relations Investigative Monitoring System Cold Case Investigations Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Potential Benefits of MCI Criminal Investigation Potential Benefits of MCI Increase in productivity Reallocation of resources Proactive investigation Formation of task force units Better case preparation Rejection of favoritism as the basis for promotion Better educated and trained investigators Human resources (e.g., specialists) Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Criminal Investigation New Approaches CompStat and Real-Time Crime Centers Predictive policing The Psychology of Crime Investigations Social-Psychological Issues Cognition Personality Observation Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved CompStat Most important change in the management of criminal investigation in recent years Introduced in the early 1990s in the NYPD Evaluative program based on quantitative statistics and what was then a sophisticated mapping program “A management process through which the NYPD identifies problems and measures the results of its problem solving activities” Success of a criminal investigation depends largely on the ability of the investigators, their expertise, and the ability to bring to the fore the personal and support tools necessary to effective case management Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved

Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Criminal Investigation Conclusion Routine nature of investigation does not mean investigations should be taken for granted Past “best practices” have given way to new techniques, technology, and procedures Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 13: MANAGING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS