Theories of Personality the “WHY” of disorders Ch 14

The Psychoanalytic (Freudian) Approach Learning/Behavioral Approach Cognitive Approach Biological Approach Humanist Approach

The Psychoanalytic (Freudian) Approach “Sometimes, a cigar is just a cigar.”

The Unconscious Deepest thoughts, fears, urges Unknown Conflicts The couch Dream analysis* Hypnosis

The Unconscious Conflict - Oedipus Oedipus Complexclick here Desire for mother and competition with father, fixated on the mother, castration anxiety by father, resolved by identification with father, normal relationships thereafter Electra Complex (Karl Jung) Desire for father and competition with mother, fixated on the father, penis envy, resolved by identification with father, normal relationships thereafter

Id, Ego, Superego Id: pleasure principle, urges, instant gratification, from birth Ego: reality principle, reason, common sense, battle/balance Superego: moral principle, community standards, guilt and shame, the right thing Battlefield of fear, guilt, and shame leading to anxiety

Demonstration*

Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Defense Mechanisms* Repression Projection Displacement Sublimation Denial Regression Rationalization Reaction formation: Indentify with the aggressor

The Learning/Behavioral Approach Stimulus-Response Passive learning from environmental stimuli Rewards and Punishments: apply positive, withhold negative withhold positive, apply negative Learning new behaviors

The Cognitive Approach Mental process, image of the world, inner messages Process information to solve problems Working memory, computer analogy Cognitive restructuring, change the inner messages

The Biological Approach Nervous system is the core cause Brain activity Chemical influences

The Humanist Approach Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow Self-concept, self-maximization Individual choice Congruence between self-concept and experience Positive regard from others, reflection Abraham Maslow Self-actualization Heirarchy of Needs, progressive

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