Memory All information received from the senses is stored in the memory. During sport we rely on remembered information to be used in the execution of an action. “A set of storage areas which are places to put information, plus a set of processes that act on what is in the stores”

Memory Three aspects to memory STSS (Short term sensory store) STM (Short term memory) LTM (Long term memory)

Terminology - STSS STSS (short term sensory store). All information coming in from the display can be stored here. Large capacity. Memories lasts half a second or less. First compartment of memory Sub-conscious Information is lost unless attended to immediately. Selective attention occurs here- If it is considered useful the information will be encoded.

Short Term Memory (STM) Only information that is attended to is moved from STSS to STM. In sport is important that attention is maintained whilst performing a skill. E.g. Keep your eye on the ball until you have caught it before attending to the next skill. This information is then stored in the STM

STM The capacity is limited (5-9 items). Duration is short (30-60 secs) Chunking helps. Phone numbers: 0208 762 6321 Information remains in the STM only as long as it is attended to e.g. by Rehearsal Rehearsal – imagining an action, sub verbal repetition. If attention directed elsewhere information in the STM is lost within 30 seconds. If important enough information can be encoded from here into the LTM. Known as the “working memory" because it relates to what we are thinking about at any given moment in time.

STM (2) Very important in the learning of skills. All information involved in the learning and performing of skills is compared to existing information via the STM. (hence “working memory”). DCR process occurs in STM. All information that enters the STM is rehearsed and stored. Coaches must be aware of STM characteristics…..why?

LTM All Information in the STM is either stored in the LTM or lost. The LTM is a store of well learned past experiences. Almost limitless capacity. Duration: very long. Dozens of years. New experiences are compared to information held in the LTM. Motor programmes stored in LTM (e.g. how to swim). Using the LTM involves the process of retrieval of information and passing it into the STM.

LTM Cont…. Retention and retrieval of information from the LTM is influenced by………. 1. Rehearsal – more rehearsal more likely to be remembered. 2. Meaningfulness – more meaningful more likely to be remembered. 3. Speed of learning – The quicker something is learnt more likely to be remembered. 4. Overlearning – the more a skill is practised, even when perfected the better it will be remembered.

How to improve memory Rehearsal Association Organisation Mental Rehearsal – sports visualisation visualisation mental rehearsal clip Chunking Chaining – I went to the shops….. Give an example of each Long term memory – What was on the tray?

What is reaction time? What is reaction time? The time taken to make a decision. The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement. Two types of reaction time Simple Choice

Simple Reaction Time The time taken to start a single response to a single stimulus. Can you think of a sporting example?

Choice Reaction time The time taken between stimulus and action which requires a choice. Can you think of a sporting example? How does this differ between a skilled and novice performer?

Response time The time from the stimulus being given to the end of the response. Response time = Reaction time + Movement time.

Movement Time The time from when the movement is initiated to the point when the movement is completed. Give an example in sport?

Sporting example? Draw a diagram illustrating a situation which involves either simple or choice reaction time. Label the diagram with the reaction time, response time and movement time.

What factors affect Reaction Time? Age Gender Fatigue Intensity of the stimulus Probability of the stimulus occuring Presence of a warning signal

Hicks Law The more choices that are available increases Reaction Time. What other factors effect Reaction time?