Solution Stoichiometry

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Presentation transcript:

Solution Stoichiometry Section 7.4 pg. 300-303

Solution Stoichiometry The majority of work in research and industry involves solutions. Recall that solutions are easy to handle and are usually easier to control in reactions. The major difference compared to gravimetric and gas stoichiometry is that we use molar concentration (mol/L) as a conversion factor rather than molar mass or molar volume Solution stoichiometry – the procedure for calculating the molar concentration or volume of solution products or reactants

Example #1 1.00kL x 12.9 mol x 2mol x 1 L = 1.74 kL Ammonia and phosphoric acid solutions are used to produce ammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer. What volume of 14.8mol/L NH3(aq) is needed to react with 1.00kL of 12.9mol/L of H3PO4(aq)? 2NH3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)  (NH4)2HPO4(aq) V = ? V = 1.00kL 14.8mol/L 12.9 mol/L 1.00kL x 12.9 mol x 2mol x 1 L = 1.74 kL 1 L 1mol 14.8 mol = 1.74 x 103 L

Example #2 15.9mL x 0.150 mol x 1mol x 1 = 0.119 mol/L In an experiment, a 10.00 mL sample of sulfuric acid solution reacts completely with 15.9 mL of 0.150 mol/L potassium hydroxide. Calculate the amount concentration of the sulfuric acid. H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)  2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq) V = 10.00mL V = 15.9 mL c = ? 0.150 mol/L 15.9mL x 0.150 mol x 1mol x 1 = 0.119 mol/L 1 L 2 mol 10.0 mL

Gravimetric, Gas and Solution Stoichiometry Summary Write a balanced chemical equation and list the quantities and conversion factors for the given substance and the one to be calculated. Convert the given measurement to its chemical amount using the appropriate conversion factor Calculate the amount of the other substance using the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation. Convert the calculated chemical amount to the final quantity requested using the appropriate conversion factor. Remember to use the Ideal Gas Law for all gases not at STP or SATP

Stoichiometry Calculations (Measured quantity) solids/liquids m  n gases V, T, P solutions c, V solutions c, V gases V,T,P solids/liquids m  n (Required quantity) mole ratio

Guided Practice Guided Practice pg. 302 1-3 Homework pg. 303 #1-5 Testing Solution Stoichiometry – Lab Exercise pg. 302 You will need to do the prediction, analysis and evaluation (1, 2, 3)