Cell Notes

Characteristics of Biotic Factors Made of cells. Respond and adapt to their environment Grow and develop Reproduce Use energy. Maintain Homeostasis Made of similar chemicals

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells are produced from other cells.

Living Needs organ system population cell Energy Water Living Space Homeostasis – Stable Internal Conditions population organism organ system organ tissue cell

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Over 200 different types of human cells Erythrocytes Fibroblasts Epithelial cells (a) Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases Nerve cell Skeletal Muscle cell Smooth muscle cells (e) Cell that gathers information and control body functions (b) Cells that move organs and body parts Sperm Macrophage (f) Cell of reproduction Fat cell (c) Cell that stores nutrients (d) Cell that fights disease

Generalized Cell Human cells have three basic parts: All cells have some common structures and functions Human cells have three basic parts: Plasma membrane—flexible outer boundary Cytoplasm—intracellular fluid containing organelles Nucleus—control center

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes An organism whose cells lack a true nucleus and Some other cell structures. Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures Unicellular EX: Bacteria http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures. Plant Animal http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells ~ 1/10 the size of eukaryotic cells Large compared to prokaryotic cells Nuclear area not membrane bound called the nucleoid Membrane bound nucleus w/ a nucleolus Single circular DNA Many chromosomes w/ linear DNA No membrane bound organelles MB: Golgi, lysosomes, ER, peroxisomes, mitochondria

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Similarities Both have ribosomes and cytoplasm Both require a supply of energy Both have DNA as their genetic material Both are covered by a plasma (cell) membrane Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, minerals, fats and vitamins. Both regulate the flow of the nutrients and wastes that enter and leave them

Cell Membrane All cells contain a cell membrane Controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. The outermost structure of the cell Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

A rod-shaped cellular structure made of Chromosomes A rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture – 80% water Located between the nucleus and cell membrane Many organelles found suspended within the cytoplasm Cyto = cell Plasm = to form or mold