Unit 3.3 Notes Parts 1 & 2 Why did the Law of April 6, 1830 have a negative effect on Texas colonists? How did Stephen F. Austin respond to his arrest and imprisonment in Mexico?

How did Texas change under Mexican Federalists in the 1820s? Federalists – power should be shared between the states and the national government Opening Texas to settlement resulted in: expanded trade population growth farm production increase Colonists were left to develop their own way of life by: Creating schools and newspapers Bringing slaves despite Mexican government’s opposition POWER POWER POWER Mexico City

How did conflict in East Texas begin? When empresario Haden Edwards arrived in 1825, he discovered many people lived within his granted land with no land titles. He demanded they pay for the land or leave immediately. Mexican authorities said that Edwards could not charge them for the land or force them to leave. Haden and Sarah Edwards

What was the Fredonian Rebellion? Edwards’ brother Benjamin, led a small group of settlers in taking the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches Declared their colony “Republic of Fredonia” independent of Mexican rule SFA refused to help them, and instead offered to help Mexico. Mexican troops from San Antonio crushed the rebellion. Rebels were either captured or escaped to the U.S.

How did Mexico and the U.S. respond to the Fredonian Rebellion? Mexican officials feared more revolts and sent troops to Nacogdoches. The U.S. ambassador to Mexico recommended that Mexico sell Texas to the U.S. Mexico was also afraid the U.S. was trying to start a rebellion. As a result, Mier y Teran gets sent to Texas to investigate.

What was the Mier y Teran Report? Mexico sent General Manuel Mier y Teran to investigate the colonies in Texas: Concluded that Anglo American influence was too strong—especially in East TX. Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1. Warned the Mexican government to act at once or lose Texas forever. Recommended strong actions to protect Texas

How did Texas change when Mexican Centralists returned to power in 1829? Centralists – power should be concentrated in the central government of Mexico City Brought states under strict national control A decree abolished slavery in 1829—scared colonists Texans asked to be exempt from law Colonists considered new laws and regulations unnecessary and unfair POWER POWER POWER Mexico City

What was the Law of April 6, 1830? Mexican Centralist government created law based on Mier y Teran’s suggestions: Stopped immigration from U.S. Suspended incomplete empresario contracts Encouraged families from Europe and Mexico to come settle Texas Created new forts in Texas Discouraged trade with foreign nations through customs duties on goods from foreign countries

Why did this law have a negative effect on Texas colonists? The prosperity of many citizens depended on continued growth and trade with the U.S. Texas colonists: Could not have their relatives join them in Texas. Had to pay taxes on American goods Resented these restrictions

What happened at Anahuac under Bradburn (1832)? Anahuac—site of fort built to control commerce to Mexico Colonists accused commander John Davis Bradburn of … taking supplies refusing to give up runaway slaves imposing customs duties on imported goods. Skirmish results when Bradburn imprisoned 2 lawyers, William B. Travis and Patrick C. Jack, for interfering in his efforts to enforce laws.

What were the Turtle Bayou Resolutions (1832)? Formal statements adopted by Texas colonists: Declared loyalty to Mexico Denied rebellion against Mexican authority Insisted support for General Santa Anna SA was a Federalist leading an uprising against Mexican Centralist President Bustamante…Santa Anna promised to support the Texan-favored Mexican Constitution of 1824

What happened at Velasco (1832)? Who came to power in 1833? John Austin and other colonists fought Mexican troops led by Colonel Ugartechea. After bitter fighting and loss of life on both sides, the Mexicans surrendered. In 1833: General Santa Anna was elected new Mexican president. Most Texas colonists were pleased, thinking Santa Anna would be a Federalist and support Texas.

Why did Texans meet at the Conventions of 1832 & 1833? 1832 Resolutions adopted: Texas be a separate Mexican state Immigration from U.S. be permitted exemption from import taxes improved educational facilities better protection from Natives land titles 1833: Added a resolution—a constitution for the Mexican State of Texas.

What happened to SFA in Mexico City? SFA traveled to deliver convention resolutions to Mexican government. SFA had to wait months on Santa Anna to return . . . grew discouraged and wrote a letter to San Antonio authorities to form their own government. Finally met with Santa Anna about reforms for Texas and left satisfied. Later arrested at Saltillo b/c of the letter and jailed for a year. Stephen F. Austin

What reforms began in Texas in 1834? Late 1833, malaria, cholera, and yellow fever struck Texas killing hundreds. In 1834, reforms began: Recognizing English as official language, allowing immigration from the U.S. improving the courts systems promoting religious tolerance increasing number of representatives to the state legislature from 1 to 3. Colonel Juan Almonte reported all was well on his inspection tour in 1834. Colonel Juan Almonte

What happened at Anahuac under Tenorio in 1835? Mexican Captain Tenorio arrested Andrew Briscoe for refusing to pay customs duties. William B. Travis led colonists in response by forcing Briscoe’s release. Several towns disapproved of Travis’s actions and apologized to General Cos, the commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila (and Santa Anna’s brother-in-law). William B. Travis

How did General Cos react to these apologies? Wanted Travis and the others arrested and turned over to a Mexican military court. Arrested Lorenzo de Zavala, a Mexican politician (helped write Constitution of 1824) critical of Santa Anna who had moved to Texas for safety. Lorenzo de Zavala

Why did Texans call for a Consultation? They were unwilling to turn in their friends. Called for a consultation, seeking a declaration of independence from Mexico. The Peace Party, wanted friendly relations with Mexico. The War Party, led by Travis and Wharton, favored the consultation. SFA supported the consultation and urged people to unite against Santa Anna.

How did SFA respond to his arrest and imprisonment in Mexico? “War is our only recourse. There is no other remedy. We must defend our rights, ourselves, and our country by force of arms.”