3 MAIN TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF STYLE ARCHITECTURE 3 MAIN TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION 3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF STYLE
3 MAIN TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CANTILEVER SYSTEM TRABEATED SYSTEM ARCUATED SYSTEM
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT FALLINGWATER HOUSE A CANTILEVER BALCONY CANTILEVER SYSTEM A cantilever is a beam supported on only one end. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT FALLINGWATER HOUSE A CANTILEVER BALCONY
TRABEATED SYSTEM Trabeated structures are made using the post and lintel style of construction. A horizontal lintel is supported at either end by two vertical posts. STONE HENGE A MODERN BUILDING Although very simple to construct, trabeated structures are disadvantaged by the limited weight they can carry.
ARCUATED SYSTEM An arcuated structure involves the use of arches. Developed in Roman times it surpassed the trabeated system of construction as it allowed heavier loads to be carried. It is more complicated to construct, but adds a fluidity to the design that the geometric trabeated system cannot achieve. THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM
3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF STYLE CLASSICAL ORGANIC (including GOTHIC) GEOMETRIC (including MODERN)
CLASSICAL Either from the Classical era (i.e. Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome) or in the style of this era, which is known as Neo-Classical (and might fuse Roman and Greek characteristics). The use of columns or pilasters, Romanesque arches, sculptural friezes, domes and pediments etc. Palladio was a C16th Italian architect who was strongly influenced by Greek and Roman architecture and the Palladian style was popular until the late C18th PALLADIAN STYLE NEO-CLASSICAL STYLE
ORGANIC (including GOTHIC) FLYING BUTRESSES SUPPORTING CHURCH’S WALLS Gothic architecture is typified by highly ornate, tall steeples; buttresses and flying buttresses; fan-vaulted ceilings; ornate tracery on the windows; and most especially the Gothic pointed arch. (From C12th – C16th especially in France.) It is ‘organic’ in the sense that it resembles skeleton structures, ribcages, the surface patterns of shells, branches etc. GOTHIC ARCHED WINDOW FLYING BUTRESSES SUPPORTING CHURCH’S WALLS FAN VAULTED CEILING
ORGANIC (including GOTHIC) More recent architecture can be organic, without belonging to that specific style of Gothic. GAUDI BUILDINGS IN BARCELONA EAST BEACH CAFÉ IN UK SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE IN AUSTRALIA: This organic shaped building’s sail-like sections are cantilevered, so they can extend out without being supported by posts.
HERBERT F. JOHNSON MUSEUM OF ART MODERN (& GEOMETRIC) ‘Modernism’ in architecture (as in art) refers to a particular movement at the turn of the C20th century when architects made a move away from ornamentation and ornate decoration. In Modern architecture we see a simplification of form; a rejection of ornament; and the concept that form follows function (i.e. the materials and function of the building determine its design). HERBERT F. JOHNSON MUSEUM OF ART NEW YORK BAUHAUS BUILDING LE CORBUSIER BUILDING
EXAMPLES OF CONTEMPORARY GEOMETRIC ARCHITECTURE MODERN (& GEOMETRIC) EXAMPLES OF CONTEMPORARY GEOMETRIC ARCHITECTURE