doc. dr. Brigita Gajšek e-pošta: brigita.gajsek@um.si z Research opportunity: Incorporation of human factors in order picking planning models doc. dr. Brigita Gajšek e-pošta: brigita.gajsek@um.si

Development drivers to 2020 GOAL HOW? RESULTS more and better jobs in EU improve jobs quality better working condition higher standards of occupationa health safe workplace special effords: occupations with multiple disadvantages EU employment strategy good physical and mental health higher productivity and reduced risk of absenteeism reduction in healthcare costs better family and social life Digitalization application of information technology to raise human performance going mobile, adding analytics, extending the online experience, new user interfaces

Do we work to live or live to work? Source: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/ 2015/sixth-european-working-conditions-survey-2015 Do we work to live or live to work? Significant amount of time is spent at work What we do? Where we do it? How long and with whom? How do we feel about work? Do we enjoy it? Do we feel appreciated and secure? Do we have a say in planning our own work? Tasks for future: Increase workers‘ involvement in workplace and job design and automatically many things will improve 2015 survey 43,000 workers 35 countries

Well being at work International Labour Organization (ILO) Well being at work relates to: the quality and safety of the physical environments, the way workers feel about their work and their working environment effectiveness of an organization. Employment is an integral part of an individual’s life and the workplace can play a central role in the promotion of the health and well-being of employees. EurWORK Well-being at work: means safe, healthy and productive work in a well - led organisation by competent workers and work communities who see: their job as meaningful and rewarding, work as a factor that supports their life management. A well-balanced and harmonious workplace can benefit: individual workers, who will be able to maintain good physical and mental health, businesses, which can gain from higher productivity and reduced risk of absenteeism, society as whole, with a reduction in healthcare costs or other benefits, family and social life.

Future of logistics? Germany  Industry 4.0  »Whatever« 4.0 a high degree of autonomy of »things« , but people will still work autonomous information systems will guide people to the tasks work places are changing opportunity to integrate the principles of ergonomics into planning / scheduling on all levels of planning

Order picking Order picking is the process of retrieving items from their storage locations in a warehouse to fulfil customers’ orders: „Order picker to goods“: labour-intensive and time-consuming activities order picking costs represent more than 50% of warehouse operating costs the most expensive operation which is directly linked to customer satisfaction more than 80% of all orders processed by warehouses are picked manually Humans are still more flexible than machines and able of logical reasoning in reacting to unexpected changes in the order picking process

Conceptual framework for incorporating HF in oder picking Some director of logistics: considers only legislation hard physical workers should not be informed about possible solutions to prevent health humanisation of work is cost associated improved working conditions do not increase profit „AS-IS“

Research opportunity How HF can be integrated through OP design characteristics and planning of OP tasks to perform OP tasks in such a maner that OP outcomes will be improved? Modeling with JACK SURVEY problems with health and welfare used type of transport mean used identification/comunication system movements of order pickers impact of working conditions on health / productivity employee contribution to the planning of his/her work Objective: to see through the eyes of employees and get ideas Real company: Virtual warehouse and order pickers Consideration of HF at scheduling, routing, distribution of tasks and work organization Assumption: in the case of good results solutions could be low-cost

Problems with health and welfare Lover back pain and pain in the neck part are main health problems from the eyes of employees in warehouses. Structure of clinical problems Not a problem Clinical problems

Used type of transport mean 22% of workers work completely manually, advanced ergonomic solutions of forklifts are not generaly present . The most commonly used means of transportation Order picker The posibility of lifting the pallet The posibility of lifting the worker Electric pallet truck + transportation Electric pallet truck + walk Hand pallet truck Trolley No transport mean Not used Always used

Identification/comunication system The most commonly used system Paper work is still present, but new technologies are probably „too expensive“ to implement.

Movements of order pickers The most common movements lifting is twice as often than lowering heavier lads are lifted than lowered a lot of walking, stepping on forklift

Impact of working conditions on health / productivity ? ? employees almost do not distinguish the impacts on health and productivity The biggest impact will be gained with partial automatization

Employee contribution to the planning of his/her work 31% of employees only use what is available by employer 23% do not feel the need to change something Low effords on education and revitalization Low involment of workers! Does they want to be involved?