Diseases Std: 8th . Sub: General Science. Author: Ujwala Sanjay Salunkhe.

Introduction There are micro-organisms around us . Some of them are useful but some can cause diseases They enter our body through Food, Water or air. If our resistance to disease is weak, we fall ill. Due to illness our normal physical and mental condition as well as overall health disturbed.

Types of Diseases According to their mode of spreading diseases can be classified into three types. Epidemic diseases. Communicable diseases. Contagious diseases.

Epidemic Diseases Due to changes in weather , contamination of water ,many people to get the same diseases simultaneously. Such types of diseases are called an epidemic diseases. E.g. cholera ,typhoid,diarrhoea,conjunctivitis etc.

Communicable Diseases Constant sharing of space with a diseased person can result in the disease producing germs to enter a healthy person body through air . Such diseases are called communicable diseases. E.g. tuberculosis ,influenza,etc.

Contagious Diseases Germs from the diseases person body enter a healthy person body through direct or close contact. These diseases are called contagious diseases. Such diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses.

Symptoms of following diseases and measures for their preventation Chicken Pox Polio Rabies Tuberculosis(T.B) Typhoid Cholera Enterities Diarrhoea AIDS

Chicken Pox Mode of infection: A person get chicken pox when the diseases producing virus enters the body with the air that is breathed in or by contact with infected person . Symptoms: High fever. Headache. Small boils on the skin . Preventation : Avoid contact with the infected person. Proper medical treatment.

Polio Mode of infection: The diseases spreads through Food, Water or Air contaminated with the polio virus Symptoms: fever. Throat becomes red. Strain is felt in the muscles of the back and legs . Weakness in the muscles of the arms or legs. Growth of muscles is arrested. Muscles become Flaccid and cause disability. Preventation : Vaccination. Proper medical treatment. Deases spreads through Food, Water or Air contaminated with the polio virus

Rabies Mode of infection: The disease is caused by the bite of an affected dog, monkey, cat or rabbit. Symptoms: Severe Headache. Fever. Throat muscles become rigid an contracted . There is severe pain. Patient cannot swallow liquids or even water Fear of water. Patient is delirious. Patients limbs become flaccid and go into a spasm. The disease can be fatal.

Preventation for Rabies Clean the wound caused by the dog bite by flushing with soap and plenty of water. Go to doctor at once and take the required number of injection of the anti-rabies vaccine. Give all pet animals in your house the anti-rabies vaccine.

Tuberculosis Mode of infection: The germs enter the air through the spittle of the patient. The disease spreads through the air. Symptoms : Cough. Low grade fever. Blood in spittle. Loss of weight. Pain in the chest Difficulty in breathing

Preventation of tuberculosis Taking the B.C.G. Vaccination. Covering the mouth and nose with a handkerchief or tissue paper when coughing or sneezing Medical treatment.

Typhoid Mode of infection: Through contaminated food ,Water as also through house flies. Symptoms : Fever that lasts for a definite period. Rose coloured rash on the chest . Diarrhoea. Headache.

Preventation Taking the typhoid and vaccine. Drinking boil water Not eating uncovered food specially when out side. Eating only clean and fresh food. Keeping food covered at home. Maintaining public hygiene

Cholera Symptoms: Sever Diarrhoea and vomiting Dehydration. Dry skin, sunken eyes. Stomachache. Cramps in the legs. Preventation : Maintaining hygien in the public places. Controlling house flies Not eating uncovered food. Drinking boiled water Taking the cholera vaccine Mode of infection: This disease spread through water or food contaminated due to houseflies

Entheritis The inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine due to infection by the bacteria ,viruses , worms or by chemical or other harmful substance is called Entheritis. Mode of infection: This disease spreads through contaminated food and water. Symptoms : Fever. Stomachache . Vomiting. Loss of appetite Loss of weight.

Preventation Consume only safe and treatment. Maintain personal cleanliness. Keep food covered.

Diarrhoea Mode of infection: Spread through food via houseflies and also through contaminated water,milk. Symptoms : Dehydration due to loose motion. Sunken eyes. Dry mouth and lips. Reduced urine formation. Cold hands and feet. Slow pulse rate.

Preventation Drink boiled and cooled Water. Maintain personal cleanliness. Prevent dust ,flies from setting on food. Maintain cleanliness in cooking area. Wash fruits and vegetables.

AIDS AIDs : Acquired Immuno Defficiency syndrome. It is caused by virus names as HIV i.e. Human Immuno defficiency virus. With that disease, People lose their ability of fight diseases. In order to raise public awareness about HIV /AIDS 1 December is observed every year is “World AIDS Day”.

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