Smart Choice Level 3 Unit 3 Grammar

has/have + past participle I’ve eaten kimchi many times. The present perfect has/have + past participle eat – ate – eaten I’ve eaten kimchi many times.

The present perfect -used to talk about a past event which happened in a period of time up to now.

She has climbed ten mountains. The present perfect She has climbed ten mountains. She was born. 2016

He has read lots of books. The present perfect He has read lots of books. He was born. 2016

-used to talk about a past state that continues up to now. The present perfect -used to talk about a past state that continues up to now. We often use “for” or “since”.

He has studied English for five months. The present perfect He has studied English for five months. = He is still studying English. June 2016 Oct. 2016

They have lived in Seoul since 2009. The present perfect They have lived in Seoul since 2009. = They are still living in Seoul. 2009 2016

I’ve known her for 10 years. He’s been in the shower for 30 minutes. The present perfect for + an amount of time I’ve known her for 10 years. He’s been in the shower for 30 minutes. Often a number is used.

With “since” we know the starting point. The present perfect since + a point in time I’ve known her since 2005. He’s been in the shower since 9 o’clock. With “since” we know the starting point.

The present perfect since + subject + simple past I’ve known her since I was 20. He’s been in the shower since I got home.

The present perfect We don’t mention the exact time of a past event when we use the Present Perfect. We’ve been there many times. She’s watched that movie five times. We don’t know when these things happened.

The present perfect We use the Present Perfect with periods of time that are not finished yet. I have climbed three mountains this year. = This year is not finished yet. He’s eaten fish twice this week. = This week is not finished yet.

The present perfect We use the Simple Past (not the Present Perfect) when we know the exact time a past event happened. I climbed three mountains last year. I watched three movies last week. He went to America two years ago.

The present perfect The Simple Past The Present Perfect know the exact time I went to America last year. I got up late this morning. don‘t know the exact time I’ve been to America many times. I’ve been absent 5 times. finished I studied yesterday. I studied hard in high school. I lived in Seoul for 10 years. not finished I’ve eaten a lot today. I’ve studied hard in university. I’ve lived in Seoul for 10 years. starts in the past and continues today I’ve studied English for 5 years. I’ve lived in Goesan since 2012.