Seasonal variability of the tropical tropopause dehydration

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Presentation transcript:

Seasonal variability of the tropical tropopause dehydration Holger Vömel Strateole-2 Workshop 18 March 2015

Relative humidity at the tropopause Mid latitude Tropics Outline Motivation How and Where Trends Uncertainties Relative humidity at the tropopause Mid latitude Tropics Tibetan Plateau NCAR EOL

Stratospheric Fountain From Newell and Gould-Stewart, J. Atmos. Sci. 1981 NCAR EOL

Brewer Dobson Circulation From Holton et al., Rev. Geophys. 1995 NCAR EOL

Walker circulation

Different regions in the tropics Challenge: Identify and quantify regions, that contribute to dehydration Quantify the importance of the different dehydration processes: Convective dehydration Slow scale dehydration Wave driven dehydration Superstaturation in clouds Increase the reliability in water vapor observations Increase the number of observations Validate global scale systems Provide continuity to these observations From Vömel et al., 2002 NCAR EOL

Tropics (Costa Rica) NCAR EOL

Water Vapor Climatology: Costa Rica NCAR EOL

Water Vapor Climatology: Costa Rica NCAR EOL

RH (ice) Climatology: Costa Rica NCAR EOL

RH (ice) Climatology: Costa Rica Altitude relative to mean tropopause [km] NCAR EOL

Tropopause statistics NCAR EOL

Seasonal Cycle: Temperature NCAR EOL

Seasonal Cycle: Water Vapor NCAR EOL

Seasonal Cycle: RH Ice NCAR EOL

RH (ice) Frequency at the Tropopause NCAR EOL

COBALD sounding NCAR EOL

COBALD sounding NCAR EOL

RH (ice) Frequency at the Tropopause NCAR EOL

Summary Tropics: Tropopause temperature  Monthly mean shows strong seasonal cycle Tropopause water vapor mixing ratio  Monthly mean shows strong seasonal cycle (tape recorder) Tropopause relative humidity over ice  Monthly mean nearly constant at 100% Tibetan Plateau (July / Aug): Tropopause relative humidity over ice  Monthly mean slightly below 100% Tropopause relative humidity over ice in clouds  Monthly mean peaks at 100% NCAR EOL

NCAR EOL

Increase reliability of water vapor observations Challenge Increase reliability of water vapor observations Increase number of observations Validate satellite observations Provide continuity of observations after the end of the satellite record Problem: The processes immediately around the cold point matter and are hard to profile. In particular they are a very difficult challenge for satellite observations, which mostly don’t have the vertical resolution in that region. And water vapor and ozone vary strongly in the troposphere and stratosphere. NCAR EOL