Bacteria

Who discovered bacteria? Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600’s A microscope maker How? By scraping his teeth

Bacteria are: Single celled Multi celled Prokaryotes Eukaryote Autotrophs Heterotrophs Organisms that carry out MOST characteristics of life. Organisms that carry out ALL characteristics of life.

Shapes of Bacteria: Spherical Rodlike Spiral Cocci Bacilli Spirillia

Bacteria shapes (1:30min)

Bacteria Structures Genetic Material Cytoplasm Flagellum Ribosome Cell Wall Cell Membrane

Name the structures inside the Bacteria: Cell Wall -gives it shape Cell Membrane - regulates materials in and out Cytoplasm-place where most chemical reactions occur. Ribosome - structures found in the cytoplasm which are chemical factories that produce proteins Genetic Material - Responsible for the cells function. Does not have a nucleus Flagellum -Whip-like structure that helps it to move. Bacteria without flagella move with help from air, water etc.

Introduction to Bacteria (15 min)

Name the Two Kingdoms of Bacteria: Archaebacteria Eubacteria What is the difference between the two kingdoms? Eubacteria live in and on your body. Some can cause disease but most are helpful to Earth processes and helping organisms to survive ALSO, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL MAKEUP Archaebacteria live in extreme environments Ancient bacteria

Bacteria: Form and Function (3:40min)

Two ways Bacteria Reproduce: 1. Asexual Reproduction Name of Process -Binary Fission Number of Parents - 1 WHAT OCCURS IN THE PROCESS One bacteria cell duplicates its genetic material then divides to form two separate cells. Result of the Process New cells that are identical to the parent

Two ways Bacteria Reproduce: 2. Sexual Reproduction Name of Process –Conjugation Number of Parents - 2 What Occurs in the Process One bacterium transfers some of its genetic material into another through a thin, threadlike bridge that joins the cells. Result of the Process Bacteria that are genetically different from parents

Bacteria reproduction (3:40 min)

In 1995 Scientists revive 25 million year old bacteria found on a preserved bee

Endospore Formation When conditions for Bacteria are not favorable, they can form an Endospore, which is a thick walled, resting cell that protects the bacteria’s genetic material.

Survival Needs in Bacteria Obtaining Food: Autotrophs Photosynthesis – Captures and uses Sun’s energy Chemosynthesis – uses energy from chemicals in the environment. Heterotrophs – eat other heterotrophs and autotrophs or some eat milk, meat and decaying leaves. (Decomposers) Respiration Is the process that breaks down food to release energy. Two types: Aerobic – uses oxygen Anaerobic – no oxygen involved

How are Bacteria helpful to people? Fuel Production – natural gas (methane) Food Preparation – cheese, apple cider and olives Environmental cleanups – oil eating bacteria Health and Medicine - bacteria used to make insulin Digestive System Bacteria Help digest food Make vitamins Kill harmful bacteria How can bacteria be helpful in health and medicine???? Decomposers are bacteria that breakdown large molecules into smaller ones

Bacteria and Food Production (2 :00)

Infectious Diseases Illness that can be passed from one organism to another through contact with An infected person (sneezing, kissing) An infected object (cup, fork) An infected animal (bites) Ticks = Lyme Disease, Raccoons = Rabies and Mosquitoes = Encephalitis Infected environment (water, food) Through skin (broken) , mouth, nose, ears, eyes

Figure 17 use for questions 11,12 and 13

Figure 17 use for questions 11,12 and 13

Viruses, Bacteria and You How can they hurt us? Infectious Diseases: Viral Diseases No Medication to cure Bacterial Diseases Antibotics can be used to treat these.

Antibiotic Resistance When a bacteria’s DNA has been changed through conjugation, the bacteria may become resistant to a certain antibiotic The antibiotic will no longer kill the bacteria A new antibiotic will have to be used to kill the changed bacteria Completing medication (antibiotics) is important to prevent antibiotic resistance bacteria.

Prevention of Infectious Diseases Get Vaccinated Eating healthy Getting enough sleep, fluids and exercise Washing hands If you do get ill………….. Get rest and follow your doctors directions

Bacteria and Infectious Diseases (3:30)

Resistant Bacteria (4:30)

Nightmare Bacteria (First segment) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/hunting-the-nightmare-bacteria/

Understanding Bacteria (54 min) https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/99DC6745-B55E-4907-9F25-F7174E90AC2A?hasLocalHost=false

Song…We are the Microbes Some YouTube Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3phZfvOFcHE Video…Germs for Kids http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWh8meD1VuY Song…We are the Microbes (done to Queen’s We Will Rock You/We Are the Champions)

Two more YouTube Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWiOhlqEDz4 Can being cold give you a cold? Bill Nye (23 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hMM17Jj3mA