Chapter 3 – Colonies Take Root 3.1 – The First English Settlements. 3.2 – The New England Colonies 3.3 The Middle Colonies 3.4 The Southern Colonies

The United States – 1607 – 1750

3.1 – The First English Settlements England began establishing colonies in the late 1500’s In 1607 a group led of wealthy men tried to establish a colony in Virginia King James I granted a charter The group arrived in the spring of 1607

3.1 – The First English Settlements The colony was called Jamestown It would prove to be England’s first permanent settlement in N.A. The colony barley survived the first year due to location and effort

3.1 – The First English Settlements John Smith arrived in 1608 to find only 38 of the original 100 men alive He drew up tough rules, and demanded men work for food Smith raided Native American villages and it upset leader Powhatan

3.1 – The First English Settlements The colony survived the “Starving Time” period and started planting tobacco The eventual success of Jamestown drew new colonists from England Representative Government emerged in the form of the Virginia House of Burgesses

3.1 – The First English Settlements In the summer of 1619, 20 Africans arrived and were sold as slaves. This was the beginning of slave trade in the colonies The Africans were not enslaved their entire life, but for most of it

3.1 – The First English Settlements In 1620 Pilgrims seeking religious freedom decided to settle in Virginia but landed in Massachusetts The Pilgrims traveled on the Mayflower and called their settlement Plymouth

3.1 – The First English Settlements Before going ashore, 41 men signed a document called the Mayflower Compact This document allowed the colonists to govern themselves Native Americans helped the pilgrims through their first year Squanto helped teach them how to plant crops

3.2 – The New England Colonies

3.2 – The New England Colonies The New England were made up of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Much of N.E. is made up of hills and low mountains Farming was difficult and the winters were long and snowy

3.2 – The New England Colonies The Puritans, led by John Winthrop received a charter for establishments in Massachusetts and New Hampshire The Puritans were seeking religious freedom The main Puritan settlement was Boston The Puritans didn’t believe in religious toleration

3.2 – The New England Colonies Roger Williams was forced to leave Massachusetts Bay in 1635 over religious disagreements He moved north to Rhode Island, where he bought land from Native Americans He founded Providence in 1636

3.2 – The New England Colonies In 1644, Rhode Island had received a charter to govern themselves Rhode Island decided that they would have no official church or faith Ann Hutchinson was expelled from Massachusetts in 1638 and moved to Rhode Island in 1642

3.2 – The New England Colonies Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts in 1636 with about 100 followers and settled in Connecticut. He founded Hartford, and many Puritans followed him They started the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut with elected officials

3.2 – The New England Colonies John Wheelright also left Massachusetts in 1638 and moved to New Hampshire New Hampshire received a charter in 1680 Wheelright and New Hampshire was another example of colonists seeking religious freedom

3.2 – The New England Colonies Puritans believed in towns governing themselves and conducting Town Meetings Membership was restricted to male heads of the household The experience encouraged the growth of democratic ideas

3.2 – The New England Colonies By the 1670’s Native American population was decreasing Disease was a big factor in population decline Metacom (King Philip) lead a uprising in 1675 against the settlers Fighting lasted over a year and destroyed 12 towns in the New England area It ended in 1676 when Metacom was killed, which led to more expansion

3.3 – The Middle Colonies

3.3 – The Middle Colonies Four states made up the middle colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware Today NY City is the most populous city in the country Farmers in the middle colonies had much more success than N.E. because of the climate, longer growing season, and fertile soil

3.3 – The Middle Colonies New York began as a Dutch colony of New Netherland The colony was valuable for trading In 1664 , New Netherland became New York after the Duke of York captured the land from the Dutch New Amsterdam became New York City

3.3 – The Middle Colonies New Jersey was established in 1665 when New York was broken off in two NJ started as a Proprietary Colony In 1702 NJ received a charter to become a royal colony

3.3 – The Middle Colonies William Penn and the Quakers were seeking religious freedom from England in the late 1600’s Penn received a charter from the King for a new colony in North America Penn arrived in the colony in 1682 It was called Pennsylvania

3.3 – The Middle Colonies Penn established a city named Philadelphia, which means “City of Brotherly Love” Settlers arrived from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland Penn considered his colony the Holy Experiment Penn tried to treat Native American’s fairly and buy land

3.3 – The Middle Colonies Delaware was originally part of Pennsylvania The distance between Delaware and Philadelphia was a problem Penn gave Delaware it’s own representative assembly In 1704 Delaware became their own colony

3.3 – The Middle Colonies Pennsylvania had very fertile soil and wheat was the top cash crop Pennsylvania was called America’s breadbasket Manufacturing developed quickly with the production of Iron, flour, and paper

3.3 – The Middle Colonies The western section of Pennsylvania was called the backcountry Many non England settlers settled in the backcountry Conflicts often arose with Native American’s in the backcountry

3.4 – The Southern Colonies

3.4 – The Southern Colonies The Mason-Dixon line was established in the 1760’s Five colonies are located south of the Mason-Dixon Line They include: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

3.4 – The Southern Colonies The five colonies shared a coastal area called the Tidewater, a flat lowland that includes many swampy areas and on the west it blends into rolling hills called piedmont Climate is warm and humid Growing seasons are long for crops like tobacco and rice Slavery was common in the southern colonies

3.4 – The Southern Colonies Virginia grew quickly and by 1670 had 40,000 settlers The death rate was high because of disease Conflict over land with the Natives reduced their population to 2,000 in Virginia by 1675

3.4 – The Southern Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion took place in 1675 over a land dispute In 1675 he organized a strike against Natives and then burned Jamestown The Rebellion died when Bacon got sick and passed

3.4 – The Southern Colonies George Calvert established Maryland in 1632 with a charter This colony was established for Catholics Lord Baltimore established the Act of Toleration in 1649 which allowed religious freedom in Maryland

3.4 – The Southern Colonies 1663 Carolina was granted a charter The northern part developed slowly because of the lack of harbors and rivers The southern part grew quickly because sugar grew well Charles Town developed into the biggest city and became today’s Charlestown

3.4 – The Southern Colonies Georgia was the last of England’s 13 colonies It was founded because Spain wanted to expand It also was founded because James Oglethorpe wanted a place where debtors would be protected Slavery was banned at first in Georgia, but later allowed

3.4 – The Southern Colonies Plantations dominated the Tidewater Region Rice, cotton, sugar and Tobacco were all planted and grown The Plantation community divided people into the wealthy and poor

3.4 – The Southern Colonies The Backcountry was cut off from the coast from poor roads and long distances. Most people didn’t legally own the land they farmed Life was much different compared to the coastal life

The 13 Colonies New England Colonies / Middle Colonies / Southern Colonies