Vertrel ® vs. Other Systems Aqueous systems l l Potential corrosion of metal parts l l Low rinsing quality l l Separate drying step needed, lower drying quality l l Longer cycle time l l Energy intense l l High capital investment for the equipment l l Disposal & recycling possibilities of contaminated water l l Water availability & price in some regions H-1 Service Chimie : 5 place de l é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes : (33) : (33) :

Vertrel ® vs. Other Systems Chlorinated & bromine-containing solvents l l Toxicity l l Material compatibility l l Ozone depletion l l Flashpoint controversy l l Odor l l Presence of stabilizers (Need of periodical monitoring to avoid hydrolysis (acidification) of the solvent) l l Difficult process monitoring l l Need to use expensive equipment H-2 Service Chimie : 5 place de l é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes : (33) : (33) :

Vertrel ® vs. Other Systems Alcohols and hydrocarbons l l Flammability of alcohols l l Poor rinsing quality with hydrocarbons (no vapor zone) l l Difficult drying with hydrocarbons (higher BP, thus higher drying temperature needed) H-3 Service Chimie : 5 place de l é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes : (33) : (33) :

Vertrel ® vs. Other Systems Hydrofluoroethers (HFE) l l More selective miscibility (less azeotropes available) l l Co-solvent systems are rarely justified l l Slightly lower acute toxicity effects l l Indication for potential of chronic toxicity l l Auto-ignition temperature (405ºC) l l Decomposition into PFIB when overheated (> 300°C) l l Concern of degradation to Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) in the atmosphere, that may attack micro-organisms H-4 Service Chimie : 5 place de l é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes : (33) : (33) :