Special motion types Special interpolation types Helical motion Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program Spiral motion Cylindrical interpolation Why it is required Programming considerations Polar coordinate interpolation Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system

Relates to machining and turning centers Special Interpolation Types Relates to machining and turning centers

G01 – straight line motion G02 & G03 – circular motion Special interpolation types You know the three basic types of motion: These motion types are used in almost all CNC machining center and turning center programs. G00 – rapid motion G01 – straight line motion G02 & G03 – circular motion All control manufacturers have developed other motion types to handle special motion problems… Thread milling: helical interpolation Taper thread milling: spiral interpolation 3d machining on mill: nurbs interpolation Rotary axis on mill: cylindrical interpolation Rotary axis on lathe: polar coordinate interpolation

Relates only to machining centers Helical interpolation Relates only to machining centers

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Threads per inch Inch: ¾ - 10 Diameter Pitch Metric: 25 – 1.5 Diameter Helical interpolation Thread designation: Threads per inch Inch: Metric: Diameter ¾ - 10 25 – 1.5 Pitch = 1/ threads per inch Pitch Diameter

Blind hole Through hole Helical interpolation Blind versus through holes: If machined in vertical orientation, chips collect at hole bottom. Machine thread from bottom to top to minimize chip problems Blind hole Through hole

Blind hole Through hole Helical interpolation Blind versus through holes: If machined in vertical orientation, chips fall through hole. Machining direction is not so important. Blind hole Through hole

Climb milling Helical interpolation Climb versus conventional milling: (Right hand cutter) Cutter will move in a counter-clockwise direction from bottom to top of hole

Cutter will move in a clockwise direction from top to bottom of hole Helical interpolation Climb versus conventional milling: If machine has sufficient rigidity, climb milling leaves a better finish Conventional milling (Right hand cutter) Cutter will move in a clockwise direction from top to bottom of hole

G42 – Conventional milling Helical interpolation Cutter radius compensation As with any contour milling operation… …you can use cutter radius compensation when thread milling to let the operator control hole size G41 – Climb milling G42 – Conventional milling

This is the motion type required for thread milling Helical interpolation Helical interpolation This is the motion type required for thread milling Two axes (usually X & Y) move in a circular fashion On axis (usually Z) moves in a linear fashion

Helical interpolation XY move in circular fashion Z moves in linear fashion

Helical interpolation XY move in circular fashion Z moves in linear fashion

Helical interpolation XY move in circular fashion Z moves in linear fashion

Helical interpolation XY move in circular fashion Z moves in linear fashion

G02 – Clockwise G03 – Counter clockwise Helical interpolation Helical interpolation As with circular motion… G02 – Clockwise G03 – Counter clockwise The Z departure will be related to the thread pitch and how much of a full circle is being commanded (more on this in a moment) The only difference from circular motion is that helical motion requires a Z departure

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Move to center of approach radius

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Instate cutter radius compensation

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Approach radius Arc-in approach

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Machine thread

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Machine thread

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Machine thread

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Machine thread

Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Machine thread

Arc-in approach and escape are required to eliminate witness marks. Helical interpolation Arc-in approach and escape Escape radius Arc-in approach and escape are required to eliminate witness marks. Arc-off escape

Even approach and escape movements must be helical motions Helical interpolation Z departure You must synchronize the Z departure based upon… Percentage of a full circle being machined Pitch of thread Even approach and escape movements must be helical motions

Helical interpolation Z departure Move to center of approach radius

Helical interpolation Z departure Instate cutter radius compensation

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure Approach radius (1/4 of full circle) ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Arc-in approach

Helical interpolation Z departure Machine thread

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Machine thread

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Machine thread

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Machine thread

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Machine thread

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Helical interpolation Z departure Escape radius ¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch Arc-off escape

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Helical interpolation Thread milling cutter types Like a slot milling cutter with thread form on outside diameter Pros: Inexpensive, can machine any pitch Cons: Requires one full circle per pitch

Helical interpolation Thread milling cutter types Integral shank thread milling cutter made from hss, cobalt, or carbide Pros: Can machine entire pitch in one circle Cons: Expensive, can only machine one pitch

This is becoming the most popular form of thread milling cutter Helical interpolation Thread milling cutter types This is becoming the most popular form of thread milling cutter Carbide inserted type Pros: Can machine entire pitch in one circle, can machine any pitch (with different inserts), relatively inexpensive

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Helical interpolation Approach to thread milling Climb or conventional milling? The only reason to conventional mill… …machine doesn’t have rigidity required to climb mill

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Helical interpolation Programming considerations The trick to programming helical motion Program normal circular motion in XY… …and match the Z departure to the percentage of a full circle being machined

If the tool moves half a circle, it must depart ½ the pitch in Z Helical interpolation Programming considerations Pitch For every full circle motion in XY, the tool must move one full pitch in Z If the tool moves half a circle, it must depart ½ the pitch in Z

Pitch Helical interpolation ¼ revolution in XY Depart ¼ pitch in Z Programming considerations ¼ revolution in XY Pitch Depart ¼ pitch in Z If pitch is 0.125 (8 threads per inch) Depart 0.0312 in Z For every full revolution in XY, the tool must move one full pitch in Z If the tool moves half a circle, it must depart ½ the pitch in Z

Pitch Helical interpolation ½ revolution in XY Depart ½ pitch in Z Programming considerations ½ revolution in XY Pitch Depart ½ pitch in Z If pitch is 0.125 (8 threads per inch) Depart 0.0625 in Z For every full revolution in XY, the tool must move one full pitch in Z If the tool moves half a circle, it must depart ½ the pitch in Z

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Climb milling (feeding bottom to top in ccw direction) Example program Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Climb milling (feeding bottom to top in ccw direction) 0.125 pitch

Helical interpolation Program number Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Thread mill size Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Place thread mill in spindle Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Start spindle Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Rapid to center of approach radius Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Approach in Z Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Rapid through hole Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Starting Z position for helical move

Helical interpolation Instate cutter comp. Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Approach to hole Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Departing ¼ circle in XY So depart in Z ¼ pitch (0.0312) -0.7 minus 0.0312 is –0.6688

Helical interpolation Mill half way around hole Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Departing ½ circle in XY So depart in Z ½ pitch (0.0625) -0.6688 minus 0.0625 is –0.6063

Helical interpolation Mill other half Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Departing ½ circle in XY So depart in Z ½ pitch (0.0625) -0.6063 minus 0.0625 is –0.5438

Helical interpolation Arc-off the hole Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225... Departing ¼ circle in XY So depart in Z ¼ pitch (0.0312) -0.5438 minus 0.0312 is –0.5126

Helical interpolation Cancel cutter comp Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Retract from hole Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Return to zero return position Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Optional stop Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Helical interpolation Program continues Helical interpolation O0001 (1" thread mill) N150 T07 M06 N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08 N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75 N165 G43 H07 Z0.1 N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08 N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0 N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688 R0.75 F6.0 N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0 N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0 N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75 N205 G00 G40 X1.5 N210 G00 Z0.1 M09 N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N220 M01 N225...

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular Helical interpolation Used to mill threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are circular One axis (Z) is linear Final notes: Male (outside diameter) threads are also possible Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw is constant If the thread is so deep that one pass does not complete the thread, you can make multiple passes (just keep departing in Z in even increments of the pitch) Topics: Thread milling terminology Thread milling cutter types Approach to thread milling Programming considerations Example program

Relates only to machining centers Spiral interpolation Relates only to machining centers

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral Spiral interpolation Used to mill taper threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, and the radius of the cork-screw constantly changes Topics: Why spiral interpolation is required

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral Spiral interpolation Used to mill taper threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, and the radius of the cork-screw constantly changes Topics: Why spiral interpolation is required

Taper thread milling cutter Spiral interpolation Taper thread milling cutter Consider what would happen with helical motion if milling top to bottom Thread to mill

If you must make a perfect taper thread, you can’t use helical motion! Spiral interpolation If you must make a perfect taper thread, you can’t use helical motion! Nasty witness mark Taper thread milling cutter Unfortunately, not all control manufacturers offer spiral interpolation Actual size: Tangent of taper angle times pitch Consider what would happen with helical motion if milling top to bottom Note that you can simulate spiral motions with parametric programming If taper is 1.783 degrees and pitch is 0.125, gap will be 0.0038 inch Thread to mill Though exaggerated, this shows what the workpiece would look like after machining

Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral Spiral interpolation Used to mill taper threads on machining centers Three axis motion is created Two axes (X and Y) are spiral One axis (Z) is linear Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the radius of the cork-screw constantly changes Topics: Why spiral interpolation is required

Relates to machining and turning centers Cylindrical interpolation Relates to machining and turning centers

G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis Cylindrical interpolation Used to mill contours around a cylinder Used with rotary axis G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis You can treat rotary axis as linear Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM Just about any contour can be milled around the outside of a cylindrical object Topics: Why cylindrical interpolation is required Programming considerations

G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis Cylindrical interpolation Used to mill contours around a cylinder Used with rotary axis G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis You can treat rotary axis as linear Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM Just about any contour can be milled around the outside of a cylindrical object Topics: Why cylindrical interpolation is required Programming considerations

Many machining centers are equipped with rotary axes Cylindrical interpolation X Y Z Many machining centers are equipped with rotary axes A

Cylindrical interpolation X Y Z A Cylindrical interpolation allows you to program the rotary axis as if it is a linear axis! Without cylindrical interpolation, you’re quite limited to what can be done with and end mill No circular motion (G02/G03) is possible Feedrate must be specified in degrees per minute Calculating positions can be difficult

G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis Cylindrical interpolation Used to mill contours around a cylinder Used with rotary axis G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis You can treat rotary axis as linear Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM Just about any contour can be milled around the outside of a cylindrical object Topics: Why cylindrical interpolation is required Programming considerations

G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis Cylindrical interpolation Used to mill contours around a cylinder Used with rotary axis G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis You can treat rotary axis as linear Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM Just about any contour can be milled around the outside of a cylindrical object Topics: Why cylindrical interpolation is required Programming considerations

Cylindrical interpolation X Y Z A

Cylindrical interpolation With Fanuc, a G07.1 is used to instate An A word specifies this distance G07.1 A2.75 X Y Z A The control must be told the distance from the workpiece center to the work surface

Cylindrical interpolation Coordinate system for cylindrical interpolation 5 6 0.5 R 1 2 3 4 7 8 0.375 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in A axis deg 180 360 90 270

Note that these are true arcs Cylindrical interpolation A axis deg 180 360 90 270 5 6 0.5 R 1 2 3 4 7 8 0.375 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 1 2 4 Note that these are true arcs 3 5 6

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 1 2 4 3 5 6

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 2 4 3 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 2 4 3 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 4 3 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 4 3 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 4 3 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 5 8 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 6 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 7

Cylindrical interpolation X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 7

Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03 N010 G00 X3.0 Y0 A0 N015 G43 H01 Z3.1 N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0 N025 G07.1 A2.75 N030 G01 A55.0 F10.0 N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5 N040 G01 X1.5 N045 G03 X1.125 A120.0 R0.375 N050 G01 A165.0 N055 X3.0 A270.0 N060 Z360.0 N065 Z3.1 N070 G07.1 A0 N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N080 M30 Cylindrical interpolation 0.5 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 8

Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03 N010 G00 X3.0 Y0 A0 N015 G43 H01 Z3.1 N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0 N025 G07.1 A2.75 N030 G01 A55.0 F10.0 N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5 N040 G01 X1.5 N045 G03 X1.125 A120.0 R0.375 N050 G01 A165.0 N055 X3.0 A270.0 N060 Z360.0 N065 Z3.1 N070 G07.1 A0 N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N080 M30 Cylindrical interpolation 0.5 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 Instate cylindrical interpolation, specify distance from center to work surface 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 8

Note that feedrate can now be specified in per minute fashion N005 G54 G90 S500 M03 N010 G00 X3.0 Y0 A0 N015 G43 H01 Z3.1 N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0 N025 G07.1 A2.75 N030 G01 A55.0 F10.0 N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5 N040 G01 X1.5 N045 G03 X1.125 A120.0 R0.375 N050 G01 A165.0 N055 X3.0 A270.0 N060 Z360.0 N065 Z3.1 N070 G07.1 A0 N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N080 M30 Cylindrical interpolation 0.5 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 Note that feedrate can now be specified in per minute fashion 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 8

Circular motions are now permissible N005 G54 G90 S500 M03 N010 G00 X3.0 Y0 A0 N015 G43 H01 Z3.1 N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0 N025 G07.1 A2.75 N030 G01 A55.0 F10.0 N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5 N040 G01 X1.5 N045 G03 X1.125 A120.0 R0.375 N050 G01 A165.0 N055 X3.0 A270.0 N060 Z360.0 N065 Z3.1 N070 G07.1 A0 N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N080 M30 Cylindrical interpolation 0.5 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 Circular motions are now permissible 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 8

Cancel cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03 N010 G00 X3.0 Y0 A0 N015 G43 H01 Z3.1 N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0 N025 G07.1 A2.75 N030 G01 A55.0 F10.0 N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5 N040 G01 X1.5 N045 G03 X1.125 A120.0 R0.375 N050 G01 A165.0 N055 X3.0 A270.0 N060 Z360.0 N065 Z3.1 N070 G07.1 A0 N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N080 M30 Cylindrical interpolation 0.5 R X axis 1.0 in 2.0 in 3.0 in 2 7 8 Cancel cylindrical interpolation 1 3 0.375 R 4 5 6 A axis deg 180 360 90 270 8

G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis Cylindrical interpolation Used to mill contours around a cylinder Used with rotary axis G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis You can treat rotary axis as linear Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM Just about any contour can be milled around the outside of a cylindrical object Topics: Why cylindrical interpolation is required Programming considerations

Relates only to turning centers Polar coordinate interpolation Relates only to turning centers

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

Turret Rotating tool in turret Chuck Could be: Drill Tap Reamer End mill Etc.

Again, this kind of turning center can perform machining center-like operations! Turret Rotating tool in turret Chuck Could be: Drill Tap Reamer End mill Etc. Parallel To X C axis Spindle incorporates rotary axis

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

Programming the C axis M codes select spindle mode M81: Normal turning mode M82: C axis mode Machine used as a normal two-axis turning center M code numbers vary from builder to builder

M code numbers vary from builder to builder Programming the C axis M codes select spindle mode M81: Normal turning mode M82: C axis mode C axis rotary device engaged: Full rotary axis Can be used as an indexer Spindle speed (S word) now activates turret tool Feedrate must be in G98 mode M code numbers vary from builder to builder

Your lesson text includes examples of C axis programming Programming the C axis M codes select spindle mode M81: Normal turning mode M82: C axis mode Your lesson text includes examples of C axis programming Similarities to linear axis: G00 & G01 Incremental and absolute Program zero assignment

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis C+ X+ Note that the machine cannot move in this direction! C- X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C+ motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C- motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C+ motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C- motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C+ motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C- motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C+ motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Axis layout for rotary axis Coordinate system Axis layout for rotary axis Milling cutter C+ X+ X+ and C- motion C- Yet by combining X and C motion, this shape can be milled! X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X3.2 C0 Remember, X is in diameter C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X2.5 C0 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X2.5 C-0.5176 C+ C- Program zero Of course the tool can’t actually move in this fashion X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X0 C-1.4785 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X-2.5 C-0.5176 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X-2.5 C0.5176 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X0 C1.4785 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ X2.5 C0.5176 C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

Even circular motion is allowed in this fashion! X2.5 C0 Coordinate system Polar coordinate interpolation makes programming contouring motions easy! Polar coordinate interpolation lets you handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis! X+ Even circular motion is allowed in this fashion! X2.5 C0 See lesson text for a full example program C+ C- Program zero X- Viewing chuck from tailstock side

These turning centers do secondary operations! Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program

Many turning centers have three axes The C axis is a rotary axis Polar coordinate interpolation Used to mill contours on a turning center Many turning centers have three axes X, Y, and C The C axis is a rotary axis Within the spindle The main spindle has two modes Turning mode and C axis mode Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling) Again, full example program is shown in your lesson text These turning centers do secondary operations! Topics: Live tooling and C axis Programming Coordinate system Example program