Evidence Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017 Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from http://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017

Learning objectives Think like a macroevolutionary biologist/paleontologist and reconstruct a community Learn how biologists gather evidence for macroevolutionary processes

Break into groups of two. What do your “fossils” tell you Break into groups of two. What do your “fossils” tell you? What species live there [and not just the plants]? What’s the climate like? What else can you glean from them? (wash hands after class)

Molecular fossil Trace fossil Body fossil Phylogenetics Extant organisms Experiments

Derenne et al. Molecular evidence for life in the 3 Derenne et al. Molecular evidence for life in the 3.5 billion year old Warrawoona chert. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2008) vol. 272 (1-2) pp. 476-480

Kuypers et al. Massive expansion of marine archaea during a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event. Science (2001)

Hannes Grobe

Worm burrow Trilobite burrow JENSEN. Predation by early Cambrian trilobites on infaunal worms-evidence from the Swedish Mickwitzia Sandstone. Lethaia (1990)

© (c) CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. : http://www. canada

Currano et al. Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. PNAS (2008)

North Dakota Geological Survey Prasad et al. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science (2005) vol. 310 (5751) pp. 1177

http://abugblog. blogspot. com/2010/05/ants-helping-plants-extrafloral http://abugblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/ants-helping-plants-extrafloral.html Pemberton. Fossil extrafloral nectaries, evidence for the ant-guard antiherbivore defense in an Oligocene Populus. American Journal of Botany (1992)

Butterfield. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology (2002)

Mention oviraptor: described by osborn with this name because its skull was 4” from nest of eggs and it was thought to be stealing them. But was probably its own eggs. Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from http://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog Wilson et al. Predation upon Hatchling Dinosaurs by a New Snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biol (2010) vol. 8 (3) pp. e1000322 EP -

Barrett and Rayfield. Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends Ecol Evol (2006) vol. 21 (4) pp. 217-224

H5N1 bird flu: phylogeography & evolution Wallace et al, 2007

Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S-RAgudnww Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella

http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/ryan/multi_media.html

Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S-RAgudnww Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella

~net ~turnover speciation extinction Weir & Schluter, 2007

Stickleback species pair from Paxton Lake, British Columbia. Gravid benthic top, gravid limnetic bottom.  Photo by Todd Hatfield, taken from http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~schluter/stickleback/stickleback_species_pairs/Stickleback_Species_Pairs.htm

©Alex Wild, Myrmecos.net Wade. Group selections among laboratory populations of Tribolium. P Natl Acad Sci Usa (1976) vol. 73 (12) pp. 4604

Molecular fossil Trace fossil Body fossil Phylogenetics Extant organisms Experiments Think of macroevolutionary questions. Which source(s) of evidence would you use to address these?