Protein Nutrition Dan Morrical Iowa State University 515-294-2904 morrical@iastate.edu

What is Protein Amino acid chain What is AA polypeptide that contains N Essential and non essential methionine and lysine

Protein Uses Milk Growth Wool Maintenance Metabolic Fecal Nitrogen Dermal Loss Endogenous Urinary Protein

Protein Requirements Expressed as Crude Protein because CP = 6.25 X % N example would be alfalfa hay 18.8% crude protein = 3% N

Protein Requirements Varies with Stage of production Level of production Composition of lamb gain Ewes 9-15 % CP Lambs 11-20% CP

Protein Sources Intake protein Microbial protein

Intake Protein Undegraded (UIP) Degraded (DIP)

Intake Protein Ingredient % CP %UIP Corn 7.5 40 Alfalfa hay 14-22 15 SBM 43 40 CGM 60 60 DDG/S 27 62 P.Blood meal 83.7 80 Urea 281 0

Value of Protein Sources for UIP Conc. % % CP % UIP Grass Pasture 6-20 10 2 Alfalfa Hay 16-24 15 2.7 Dehydrated Alfalfa 16-18 20 3.4 Corn 8.5 40 3.6 SBM 44, Solvent 44 25 11 SBM 44, Expeller 43 50 21.5 CGM 60 40 24 Blood Meal 85 80 68 Fish Meal 60 40-80 24-48

Intake Protein Quality Urea versus SBM Quality is determined by how well the AA composition matches animal needs. Biological value

Microbial Protein Quality Biological Value .66

Microbial Protein Yield TDN intake x .13 40-80 % total protein Rumen N requirement 9-13% CP diet

Maximizing Microbial Protein Yield Energy: Protein Ratio TDN Concentration % CP 50% 7.8 65% 9.8 80% 12.1 .13 lbs microbial crude protein/lb TDN

Protein Nutrition Why do we care? Deficiency reduces production depressed forage digestion Excess increases main., $$$$$ and environment

NPN Precautions <1/3 of total protein intake must have fermentable energy increases need for S

Using information Protein needs with Alfalfa hay versus corn stalk Corn stalks always need supplemental protein Alfalfa hay seldom needs supplemental protein

Iowa Hay Quality Survey Hay type Crude protein TDN Grass Ave. Range Ave. Range 1st cut 11.6 (6-20) 55.7 (47-67) all others 15.2 (12-19.7) 61.8 (57-70) Mixed 1st 13.9 (8-22) 56.1 (41-69) 2nd 16.8 (10-22) 59.6 (47-70) 3rd 18.3 (11-23) 62.4 (49-73) Legumes 1st 16.9 (10-22) 56.7 (48-69) 2nd 18.3 (14-22) 57.7 (45-68) 3rd 19.9 (13-23) 59.4 (47-70)

New Sheep NRC Protein Requirements set based off of % UIP More UIP the lower the total protein requirement

Using information Very high producing animals may need supplement UIP. ex. Ewes rearing triplets Economics escape protein is expensive Is extra production worth cost?

Example lactation rations 8 pound yield Ewe Alfalfa Wt hay Corn 150 5.0 2.5 175 5.8 2.5 200 7.0 2.0 225 7.75 1.75 250 9.0 1.25 Hay is: Premium grade 22% CP 60% TDN 175 RFV Full fed No weight loss

Energy and Protein vs. Yield M i l k Y e d .37 .52 .66 .83 .93 1.10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.35 TDN 1.86 TDN 1.28 TDN Protein Intake, ewes losing weight

Milk Yield Results from Additional Protein Protein Added Protein Source .18 lbs. .44 lbs. Urea .29 0 Nutmeal .88 0 Soybean Meal .88 0 Meat & Bone Meal .88 0 Lineseed Meal 1.32 0 Fish Meal 1.32 .55 Blood Meal 1.32 .74 145 lb. ewes rearing twins fed base diet 2.67 TDN 11.6% CP Gonzalez et al. 1982

Cheap protein sources cost/t cost/lb cost/ lb cp soybean meal $260 $.13 $.27 260/(2000*.48) ddgs $135 $.0675 $.25 cgf $120 $.06 $.33 cgm $485 $.24 $.40 alfalfa hay $160 $.08 $.44

Cheap protein sources cost/lb cost/lb CP UIP soybean meal $.27 $.90 ddgs $.25 $.45 cgf $.33 $1.10 cgm $.40 $.67 alfalfa hay $.44 $2.93

Questions?

Feeding ewes Weight loss 2-6 weeks of lactation Test hays Sort by production levels Lactation phase is highest need Supplementation on crop residue Never feed protein tubs