Introduction to Computers

What is a computer? An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified rules, produce information from the processing, and store the results for future use.

Devices that comprise a personal computer.

Inside a computer

Information Processing Cycle—four general operations Input Processing Output Storage

What are the components of the computer? Input devices Central processing unit (CPU) Output devices Memory Storage devices

Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Digital camera Scanner Microphone

Keyboards

Mouse Devices

Digital Cameras

Scanners

Microphones

Central Processing Unit Made up of the control unit and arithmetic/logic unit The brains of the CPU is the processor. There are different brands and speeds Pentium made by Intel Celeron made by Intel Athlon made by AMD Memory RAM—also called Random Access Memory

Processors & Memory

Data Representation Byte—one character of data Kilobyte—one thousand bytes of data Megabyte—one million bytes Gigabyte—one billion bytes Terabyte—one trillion bytes Petabyte—one quadrillion bytes Exabyte—one quintillion bytes Zettabyte—one sextillion bytes Yottabyte—one septillion bytes http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm

Output Devices Printers Monitors Impact printers Nonimpact printers Dot matrix printers Nonimpact printers Ink jet Laser Color B & W Monitors CRT’S LCD’S

STORAGE DEVICES Floppy Disks Hard Disks CD’s—Compact Discs DVD’s 3.5-inch disks store 1.44M of data Must be formatted Tracks sectors Hard Disks Spins at 5,400 – 7,200 rpm (revolutions per minute) Can store anywhere between 10G – 250G+ of data CD’s—Compact Discs Available in a variety of formats—CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW A typical CD holds about 650 MB of data DVD’s Available as DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW Can hold 4.7 GB of data Zip Drives—high capacity floppy disk drive; has lost popularity Zip disks can hold from 100 MB – 250 MB of data USB Flash Drive Storage capacity between 32 MB – 4 GB

STORAGE DEVICES

Software—Can be categorized into four types System software Application software Educational software Entertainment software

System Software Controls the operations of computer equipment Operating System software tells the computer how to: Load Store Execute OS is loaded into memory when the computer is turned on This process is called booting Most OS’s use a Graphical User Interface (GUI) Provides visual cues such as icons Each icon represents an application

Application Software Programs that tell a computer how to produce information Commonly used applications Word processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Financial Email Taxing

Educational Software Software that can be used for learning purposes Examples include: Jump Start Series Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing Reader Rabbit Encarta or World Book Math Blaster Rosetta Stone Spanish

Entertainment Software Sports games Madden NFL MLB The Sims World of Warcraft Rollercoaster Tycoon Final Fantasy Halo Myst Half Life Barbie Fashion Show