The Sources Of Islam

The Quran

Names of the Quran Quran (recitation) mentioned 73 times 17:88 Kitab (book) mentioned 77 times (2:1-2) Furqan (Criterion) 4 times Dhikr (Reminder) mentioned 55 times Tanzeel (Revelation) over 140 times

Linguistic Meaning Quran root word is QARA’A meaning read or recite. Hence, Quran means “the reading” or the “recitation” And (it is) a Quran which We have divided (into parts), in order that you might recite it to men at intervals 17:106

Islamic Meaning The Quran is the Arabic Speech of Allah, which He revealed to Prophet Muhammad in wording and meaning, and has been preserved in the mushafs, and has reached us by mutawaatir transmission, and is a challenge to mankind to produce something similar to it.

Inimitability Of the Quran The Quran is considered the Greatest miracles And if you are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down to Our slave, then produce a chapter of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful. Five verses: 2:23-24,10:38,11:13,17:88 52:33-34

QURAN & SCIENCE HUMAN EMBRYO, FLIES, ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE, EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE, ON IRON, SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN, ON BOTANY, THE CONSTITUENTS AND PRODUCE OF MILK, ABOUT THE CLOUDS, THE RIVERS, THE FUNCTION OF THE FOREPART OF THE HEAD See http://www.islam-guide.com/ & http://www.quranandscience.com/miracles.html

A Gradual Revelation Wisdom behind gradual revelation 1. To strengthen resolve 25:32 2. To simplify memorization and understanding 3.) To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet 25:33 4.) To prove the miraculous nature of the Quran 4:82 5.) To reveal the laws of Islam

Compilation of the Quran 1st compilation by Abu Bakr in 12 AH after the Battle of Yamaamah 2nd compilation by Uthman 24-25 AH

Why wasn’t it compiled during the life of the Prophet? Compilation of Quran Why wasn’t it compiled during the life of the Prophet? The Quran was written down in totality but the Prophet didn’t order that it be compiled between two covers No pressing need Quran continued to be revealed…last verse nine days before death Quran not in chronological order

Content of the Quran 114 chapters 6207 verses* 77,934 words* 323,671 letters* Main themes: Creed or matters of Belief (Aqeedah) Stories and History Laws

Preservation of the Quran إِنَّا نَحۡنُ نَزَّلۡنَا ٱلذِّكۡرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ ۥ لَحَـٰفِظُونَ “Verily, We have revealed the Reminder, and verily We shall preserve it.” (15:9)

The oldest Quranic manuscripts

Memorization of Quran And We have indeed made the Quran easy to understand and remember, then is there any one who will remember (or receive admonition)? (54:17) “It will be said to the companion of the Quran: Recite and rise in status, recite as you used to recite in the world, for your status will be at the last verse that you recite.” (Abu Dawood)

Memorization of Quran The Prophet said: “Learn the Quran, preserve it, and recite it in a beautiful, musical manner, because it is swifter in escaping (from your memory) than the camels are from their hobbles. [Musnad Ahmad]

Sciences of the Quran Occasion of revelation Benefit of this knowledge To understand the circumstances in which a verse was revealed To apply verses in a proper manner To know the person who caused the revelation

Sciences of the Quran Abrogation And when We change a Verse in place of another, and Allah knows best what He sends down, they (the disbelievers) say: "You are but a forger/ liar)." 16:101 Example: Ruling on Alcohol 2:219 (harmful), don’t pray drunk (4:43), prohibited (5:90)

Sciences of the Quran Abrogation Benefits of this knowledge Understand and implement Quran properly Knowledge of gradual revelation of shariah Defense of Quran and Sunnah

Sciences of the quran Recitation Tajweed: Science of the recitation of the Quran Ten different recitation of the Quran Young boy Indonesian American Kuwaiti Saudi Egyptian

Virtue of the Quran The best of you is he who learns the Quran and teaches it to others. (Bukhari) I have certainly left among you two matters, that if you adhere to them, you will never be misguided: the book of Allah and the Sunnah of His prophet (Malik)

Virtue of Quran And if there had been a Quran with which mountains could be moved (from their places), or the earth could be cloven asunder, or the dead could be made to speak (it would not have been other than this Quran). But the decision of all things is certainly with Allah. Have not then those who believed yet known that had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? 13:31

The neglect of the Quran Furqan: 30 Avoiding listening to its recitation, beliving in it or paying attention to it Avoiding acting by and respecting what the Quran states as halal and Haram Avoiding accepting the Quran as an arbiter Avoiding pondering over it Avoiding using it as a cure for the diseases of the heart

Reaction to the Quran Embraced Islam Listening to it secretly themselves Claimed it was magic (Story of Waleed p.269)

The Sunnah *Hadith Lexical meaning: A way, course, manner Islamic meaning: What has been passed down from the Prophet of his statements, actions or tacit approvals. *Hadith

The Authority of the Sunnah Same level of authority as Quran O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and those of you who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if you believe in Allah and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination.(4:80)

The Authority of the Sunnah Verily I have been given the Book and something similar to it (Abu Dawood) Open to Hadith Criticism

Hadith Qudsi The sayings that are termed as al-qudsi are such that while the Prophet was relating them to his Companions, he mentioned that Allah, in effect, had communicated them to him. However, these communications do not form part of the Qur’an.

Differences from Quran 1.) In the Quran the precise wording is from Allah, while wording in the Hadith Qudsi is given by the Prophet Muhammad 2.) The Quran is inimitable while the Hadith Qudsi is not

Differences from Quran 3.) The Qur’an has been transmitted by (tawaatur), whereas the Hadith Qudsi is often only transmitted by a few. 4.) Hadith Qudsi cannot be recited in the prayer.