Selecting the Right Nozzle SIC KNOWLEDGE-- Erdal Ozkan Professor & Extension Agricultural Engineer Dept. of Food Agricultural & Biological Engineering I am Erdal Ozkan. A professor and Extension State Specialist at the Ohio State University. My area of research and teaching is pesticide application technology. In this presentation, I would like to give you an overall summary of why we should do a good job with application of pesticides, and what it takes to make a pesticide application effective and efficient. In some other presentations, I will focus more on some of the things I will highlight in this presentation

OSU Extension Publication FABE-528 http://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/fabe-528

Which Nozzle ?? Things to consider : Application parameters (Rate, Spray pressure, Travel speed) Type of chemical sprayed Herbicides (soil incorporation, pre-post emergence) Insecticides Fungicides Fertilizers and growth regulators Mode of action of chemical Systemic Contact Application type (broadcast, band, directed, air assisted) Target Crop (field crops, vegetables, vineyard, shrubs, trees, etc.) Spray drift risk Label requirements (droplet size, nozzle type/size)

Nozzle recommendations

How to select the best nozzle? XR Flat Fan Step 1: Select the nozzle type that will be most suitable for your application

Nozzle catalogs indicate the type of nozzle best for a given application type

What type? Factor Three: Select the right equipment, and particularly the right type and size of nozzle for the job. What size ? 9

Step 2: Select the nozzle size that will deliver the desired application rate (GPA)

What size nozzle ? GPM = 5,940 W = inches of (GPA) x (MPH) X W Nozzle spacing (for broadcast spraying) Effective spray width (for single nozzle) Row spacing / no. of nozzles per row (directed spraying)

Step 3: How to select the best nozzle? See droplet size charts in nozzle catalogs to determine the spray pressure range under which the nozzle must be operated to get the desired droplet size.

Spray Quality (Droplet size) (XR 110 Flat Fan Nozzle) Colors indicating Nozzle Size Colors indicating Droplet Size Class

Satisfying all the requirements such as: droplet size class low drift pressure application rate May require changing the travel speed

Example: Determine: Product applied: A pre-emerge herbicide Label requires Ultra Course (UC) droplets Apply at 15 gpa Nozzle type: Turbo TwinJet (TT) Travel speed: 8 mph Distance between two nozzles on the boom: 20” Determine: a) Nozzle types that are suitable for this situation b) What are the size(s) of each nozzle type that can be used? c) If more than one type/size can satisfy the conditions, which one of them is best suited? Why?

ANSWERS What type?

ANSWERS What type?

ANSWERS What type? Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI) Several FloodJet nozzles

ANSWERS What type? Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI) Several FloodJet nozzles My Choice: TTI

ANSWERS What size?

What size nozzle ? GPM = 15 gpa X 8 mph X 20” 5940 GPM = 0.4 GPM = (GPA) x (MPH) X W GPM = 5,940 GPM = 15 gpa X 8 mph X 20” 5940 GPM = 0.4

ANSWERS b) What size?

8 mph Ultra Coarse drops ~15 gpa

Example: Which nozzle is the best choice? Product applied: Contact herbicide Label requires medium droplets Apply 10 gpa Nozzle type: Turbo TwinJet (TT) DRIFT is a concern Which nozzle is the best choice?

Pressure (psi) Two best choices: Size 2 Size 3

Example: Systemic Product; 10 gpa, Turbo TeeJet (TT) Nozzle Nozzle choices / Operating conditions: Size 3, 50 psi, 10 mph Size 2, 30 psi, 5mph

If the drift is not a concern, what kind of operating conditions would be best?

Pressure (psi) 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 Smaller droplets give better coverage which is best for contact herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Size 2 Size 3

Pressure (psi) 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 REQUIREMENTS: Contact herbicide, 10 gpa, MEDIUM spray quality. Choose the nozzle and operate it under a pressure that will give droplets in the “MEDIUM” category, but closer to the “FINE” category. Size 2 Size 3

Example: Systemic Product; 10 gpa, Turbo TeeJet (TT) Nozzle Nozzle choices / Operating conditions: Size 2, 60 psi, ~ 7 mph 75 psi, 8 mph Size 3, 75 psi, 12 mph

Application Rate: 10 gpa Medium size droplets: 7.14 mph 10 Application Rate: 10 gpa Medium size droplets: Size 2, 60 psi, 7.14 mph

MPH1 x GPA1 = MPH2 x GPA2 Application Rate: 10 gpa Medium size droplets: Size 2, 60 psi, 7.14 mph MPH1 x GPA1 = MPH2 x GPA2

MPH1 x GPA1 = MPH2 x GPA2 ? 6 x 11.9 = MPH2 x 10 10 Application Rate: 10 gpa Size 2, 60 psi, ?? mph (estimated speed: between 6 and 8 mph) MPH1 x GPA1 = MPH2 x GPA2 6 x 11.9 = MPH2 x 10 6 X 11.9 MPH2 = 10 MPH2 = 7.14

Application Rate: 15 gpa Size 2 nozzle on the sprayer Travel speed: 5 mph.

GPA Application Rate: 15 gpa Size 2 nozzle on the sprayer Travel speed: 5 mph. GPA

What is the PRECISE pressure ?? 15 Application Rate: 15 gpa Size 2, 5 mph. ?? psi, What is the PRECISE pressure ??

What is the PRECISE pressure ?? 15 Application Rate: 15 gpa Size 2, 5 mph. ?? psi, (estimated pressure: between 60 and 75 psi) What is the PRECISE pressure ??

(GPA1)2 x PSI2 = PSI1 x (GPA2)2 (14.3)2 x PSI2 = 60 x (15)2 15 Application Rate: 15 gpa Size 2, 5 mph. ?? psi, (estimated pressure: between 60 and 75 psi) (GPA1)2 x PSI2 = PSI1 x (GPA2)2 (14.3)2 x PSI2 = 60 x (15)2 60 X (15)2 PSI2 = (14.3)2 PSI2 = 66

Conclusions: Effective pest control depends on: Identifying the pest Selecting the right chemical Selecting the right equipment / nozzles Applying at the right time Applying the right amount, uniformly.

Nozzles significantly affect: Flow rate Droplet size Spray pattern Spray uniformity Efficacy Efficiency Drift

Which Nozzle ?? Things to consider : Application parameters (Rate, Spray pressure, Travel speed) Type of chemical sprayed Herbicides (soil incorporation, pre-post emergence) Insecticides Fungicides Fertilizers and growth regulators Mode of action of chemical Systemic Contact Application type (broadcast, band, directed, air assisted) Target Crop (field crops, vegetables, vineyard, shrubs, trees, etc.) Spray drift risk Label requirements (droplet size, nozzle type/size)

Use the charts in Nozzle catalogs to determine the best : nozzle type nozzle size spray quality To satisfy various label requirements and recommendations

Chose the right size and type of nozzle: -- For higher efficacy -- For low drift potential -- To comply with the spray quality requirement on the label

Dept. of Food, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Erdal Ozkan Professor and Extension Agric. Engineer