Skeletal System

Bones The skeleton has two major parts: Axial skeleton are the bones of the head and trunk Appendicular skeleton are the bones of the pelvis shoulder girdle and limbs.

Bones Functions of the skeleton Aid in movement of the body Support and protect internal body organs Produce red and white blood cells Store minerals for the bodies usage.

Bones Ossification-process of bone formation. Ossification begins in week 8 of an embryos development. A baby is born with 270 bones and an adult has 206 bones A babies bones are soft and ossification continues and makes them hard and able to bear weight.

Bones Diaphysis-long bone containing a shaft. Epiphysis-end of long bone Medullary canal-center of the shaft where bone marrow is Spongy bone-breakdown of hard bone Periosteum-fibrous tissue covering the bone

Bones Bone growth starts from the center of the diaphysis and moves to the epiphyseal ends (end of the bones)

Bones Osteoblasts-bone cells involved in the formation of new bone. Osteoclasts-bone cells involved in the breakdown of old bone.

Bones When the epiphyseal cartilage is completely ossified growth stops. This is approximately 18 in females and 20-21 in males. Does this mean bone growth stops? Why or why not?

Bones-Types Long Bones: arms and legs Flat Bones: skull, ribs, sternum Irregular bones: spinal cord Short bones: cube-like bones of the tarsals and carpals

Bone Injuries Healing time 4-6 weeks Quick healing time because blood supply is rich

Bones Simple/closed fracture- break in bone that does not pierce skin Femur fracture

Bones Open/Compound Fracture- the fractured end penetrates the skin. Possible infection. tibia/fibula fracture

Bones-Injuries Comminuted Fracture- break in bone where it is fractured in many pieces Tibia/fibula fracture

Bones Greenstick fracture-an incomplete fracture in the shaft of a bone occuring in children. Think of a child’s bone as that of a young tree shoot, it bends and may break part way, but does not crack like an adult’s would.

Bones Stress fracture-small incomplete break in the bone that results from overuse, weakness or biomechanical problems.

Bones Epiphyseal Plate Fracture-break in the bone at the growth plate. Typically in children 10-16, most often at wrist or ankle.

An avulsion fracture occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone.

Kinesiology Assignment Look at page 18 in text You are going to choose 10 of the words on the list to give the following information for. Marking Describe in your words Example Picture Be able to point it out on the skeleton in class