A Future Oriented Data Platform for the Electric Power Grids Tao Xia Chicago, IL 10/13/2015

What data are there to run power grids? EMS DFR Weather Lightning DMS OLCM Work Order Management GIS PMU Fault Network Connectivity Construction Plans LIMS Field Testing One Line OMS Lab Results Inspections Circuit Description Line Impedance EQ Nameplate EQ Failure Record EQ Ratings Load Forecast NMS TRS Short Circuit Relay Settings AMI MDM SAP …

Data Categories EMS AMI OLCM Lightning DMS MDM GIS Weather PMU Work Order Management Construction Plans Load Forecast LIMS Field Testing Network Connectivity DFR Lab Results Inspections Line Impedance Fault MDM – Meter Data Management TRS – Trouble Response System NMS – Network Management System (Distribution) OMS – Outage Management System EQ Nameplate EQ Failure Record Circuit Description Short Circuit EQ Ratings SAP One Line Relay Settings NMS TRS OMS …

Power Grid Network Data Operations Model Data Planning Model Data System Protection Model Data Dynamics Simulation Data Market Model Data Asset Model Data

Data Challenges - Variety Gas Concentration Bushing Power Factor Bushing Partial Discharge LTC Compartment DGA LTC Conditions LTC Operations Counter LTC Vacuum Bottle Integrity Transformer Ageing Conservator Tank Conditions Ambient Temperature Harmonics Through Faults Transients Transformer Nameplate Maintenance SFRA Electrical Tests (TTR, Leakage Reactance, Exciting Current) …… Transformer Load Transformer Voltages Cooling Fans/Pumps Status Oil Temperatures Winding Hotspot Temperatures Hydrogen/Moisture Content Partial Discharge

Data Challenges - Volume Most customers had their meter read 12 times per year or once a month. Early AMR (Advanced Meter Read) systems were designed to bring a kWh read once a month for the purpose of providing the utility customer a bill. Today, 15-minute read intervals are what is expected of an AMI/AMR (Advanced Meter Infrastructure/Advanced Meter Read) which is 96 meter reads per day per meter or approximately 2880 reads per month (30 day month) per meter. This equals an increase of 287,900% in just kWh data.

Data Challenges - Velocity In the conventional SCADA data collection system, the measurements are being reported every 2~5 seconds. The PDCs (Phasor Data Concentrator) are receiving data from PMUs at a rate of 30~60 reports/second. There is almost a 2 orders of magnitude data velocity increase, posing a real issue in terms of collecting, storing and processing this type of high-speed data.

What are the concrete data issues? Data Silos No semantics layer on top of the data Lack of cross system integration Not all relevant data is shared Difficult to share data and models Excessive time used to validating data/models, not running studies Data accuracy and inconsistency Common data not in sync and up to date Impossible to propagate data change to all pertinent data destinations

Drivers for a Future Oriented Data Platform The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) for an electric grid: “adaptable, secure, reliable, resilient, and can accommodate changing loads, generation technologies, and operating business models”. Challenges: “widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and new conducting materials ”. A future oriented data platform: “be able to integrate huge amount of data from a large number of sources and a diverse set of applications and must be scalable to support a high volume of various sensors installed across the grid and still provide real time guarantees. ”

Key features of a future oriented data platform

Dominion’s Data Strategy

Integrated Platform

Network Model Integration

Advanced Visualization – Unified Data and Graphics

Benefits – Operational Applications

Benefits – Big Data Analytics Adaptive Topology Planning Advanced/Predicative Restoration Systems Electrical Network Validation Fault Induced Relayed Voltage Recovery Forward Analysis (granular 60 minute look ahead) GIC, Solar, EM Disturbance Response Islanding Detection and Management Look-ahead Simulation System Dynamics and Transient Modeling Validation Multi-resolution Frequency Analysis Optimized Power Flow Oscillation Detection Post-trip Fault Analysis Power Market Analysis Stability Monitoring State Calculation (vs. Estimation) Transmission Pathway and Congestion Management Wide-area Profiling and System Management Data Driven Asset Management

Questions?