Volcanoes/ Earthquakes Test Review Volcanoes/ Earthquakes

Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Volcano   Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Volcano Shape/Size 10 km high, 100 km wide 500 m high, 500 m wide, 1,000-4,000 m high, 1,000-4,000 m wide  DOME SHAPED STEEP SLOPES TALL- USUALLY WITH SNOW Composition Mafic Felsic Rock Type Basalt Scoria / Andesite Andesite, Rhyolite Eruption Type Hawaiian Strombolian Plinian Viscosity Yes "low" Yes "medium" Yes "High" Name of Volcanoes Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hawaii Paricutin Mount St. Helens, WA Medicine Lake, CA Mount Shasta Mount Lassen, CA Many around the Ring of fire

Explosiveness largely controlled by the amount of gas and viscosity of a magma

Ash Cloud Gases Tephra Pyroclastic Flow Crater Vent Flank Eruption Volcanic Bombs Lava Flows Lahar Sill Dike Magma Chamber

Active, dormant or extinct? A volcano is considered active if it is currently erupting, OR shows an increase in earthquakes/ tremors, uplift / gas/ ash emissions Active/ Quiet Active = Gasses, Ash, Rumbling, Bulge on side, Snow Melt, Increase in tremors, Change in water temperature in nearby rivers or ponds Quiet= is an active volcano but is not emitting ash, gas, or lava Dormant Has not erupted in a number of years Extinct Will no longer erupt

Active Volcanoes Plate Boundaries Recent Earthquakes

How to predict a volcano: 1. increase in earthquakes/ tremors, 2 How to predict a volcano: 1.increase in earthquakes/ tremors, 2.uplift / budging, 3.gas/ ash emissions 4.there is a change in the amount of CO2 in the surrounding air, or 5.nearby bodies of water are warmer than normal.

Terms to Know: Vent, Crater, Flank Eruption, Lava Channel, Magma Chamber, Super Volcano, Lava Tube or Channel, Pahoehoe, AA lava, Pillow Lava, Magma, Lava, Pyroclastic Flow, caldera, sill, volcanic bombs, dike, tephra, lahar

A caldera forms when there is a violent eruption and the magma chamber is emptied leaving a void. The weight of the rock layers collapses into the magma chamber causing a depression which is called a caldera

Skylight into Lava Tube Lava Channel

Lava Smooth pahoehoe Rough like scoria Rounded globs as lava hit the water

Newly formed pillow basalt on the ocean floor.

Kilauea Caldera and the nearby USGS Hawaii Volcano Observatory

Benefits of a volcano? (4) New land Part of the rock cycle Enriched soil Renews mineral resources

Fatalities Due to? Toxic Gasses Pyroclastic Flows Lahars(volcanic mudslide) Ash Accumulation Lava Flows/Volcanic Bombs

Review Your page of Dangerous Volcanoes, Look over the worksheet about Mt Rainier- Understand how to determine the amount risk

Effects of Earthquakes Effects of Earthquakes? (6-7) Tsunami Landslides buildings collapse/ Pipes Break Fires Liquefaction Land Movement Injury/ Death

Fig. 16.2a-c

LAG Time

Triangulation: 3 or more recording stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake

Terms Lag Time, Seismic Gap, Pancaking, Focus, Epicenter, Scarp, Liquefaction Study the list of dangerous Earthquakes

Where would the Japanese earthquake and Indonesia 2004 Quakes fit in?

Mercalli Scale Roman Numerals I- XII Based on amount of damage or effects of an earthquake

RICHTER SCALE Based on the energy released by a quake Calculated by using the amplitude of the S wave and the distance to the quake

The Ring of Fire

New Madrid Fault Line

Tsunami

Terms Lag Time, Seismic Gap, Pancaking, Focus, Epicenter, Scarp

Study the types of Faults Identify: hanging wall, Foot Wall Moves down Hanging wall Moves up Foot wall

Review your notes on the strong earthquakes mentioned in class

Study how to find the earthquake epicenter using Triangulation