Rebecca Sudan_TYBBA_Elective_2015-16 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Rebecca Sudan_TYBBA_Elective_2015-16

WORLD STATS It is estimated that 35 per cent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or sexual violence by a non-partner at some point in their lives. However, some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime

SEXUAL ABUSE BY PARTNERS Women who have been physically or sexually abused by their partners are more than twice as likely to have an abortion, almost twice as likely to experience depression, and in some regions, 1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV, as compared to women who have not experienced partner violence

CHILD MARRIAGES Worldwide, more than 700 million women alive today were married as children (below 18 years of age). Of those women, more than 1 in 3—or some 250 million—were married before 15. Child brides are often unable to effectively negotiate safe sex, leaving them vulnerable to early pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted infections, including HIV

FGM At least 200 million women and girls alive today have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting in 30 countries, according to new estimates published on the United Nations’ International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation in 2016. In most of these countries, the majority of girls were cut before age 5

TRAFFICKING Adult women account for almost half of all human trafficking victims detected globally. Women and girls together account for about 70 per cent, with girls representing two out of every three child trafficking victims http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures

INDIA STUDY In 2012, a study conducted in New Delhi found that 92 per cent of women reported having experienced some form of sexual violence in public spaces in their lifetime, and 88 per cent of women reported having experienced some form of verbal sexual harassment (including unwelcome comments of a sexual nature, whistling, leering or making obscene gestures) in their lifetime

EFFECT ON CHILDREN The impact of GBV on children, particularly of domestic violence and abuse, is harmful. Children can be affected by violence committed against their mothers, and they themselves can be abused by the perpetrator, which can often be their fathers or stepfathers

EFFECT ON CHILDREN “children who are exposed to…violent behavior towards the mother are more likely to grow up to be perpetrators or victims themselves.” The likelihood of children suffering life-long consequences of childhood domestic violence are high: boys are more likely to grow up to be perpetrators, while girls are more likely to suffer violence

Violence against men Most abused men do not run away from their abusers and apply for divorce, because they are either afraid of losing access to their children or they are afraid of getting implicated in false cases of dowry harassment. They also dread huge financial losses and long drawn litigations in the process, given the insensitive attitude of the Indian Judiciary, especially towards men.

Violence against men Men are more likely to be threatened and attacked by male relatives of the wife than the wife herself. As there is a lot of social stigma towards men abused by women, most of the male victims do not come out in open and do not share their ordeal with family, friends or colleagues. Male victims of domestic violence are ridiculed and considered as unmanly.

Violence against men The patriarchal thinking that “Mardko Dard nahi hota” (Men do not feel pain) eulogizes and patronizes emotional castration of boys from a very young age which teaches them to tolerate abuse and feel glorified about making sacrifices. Owing to this social conditioning, a vast majority of victimized men wear a plastic smile and hide their scars and suffer in solitude

Violence against men Violence on men can range from anything like - physical violence including slapping, pushing, hitting by wife, her parents or relatives; emotional violence with wife threatening suicide to intimidate and control the husband; verbal abuse if husband remains in contact with his parents or comes home late from work; throwing objects like utensils, cell phones and crockery at the husband; sexual abuse if husband denies sex to mental abuse by constant threats of implicating the husband and his family under false case of dowry and domestic violence. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/domestic-violence-against-men-high-time-government-addressed-the-problem-1004785.html

The Power and Control Wheel The Power and Control Wheel offers a framework for understanding the manifestations and mechanisms of power and control in an intimate relationship (WHO 2005) This model was developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs in Minnesota, US, weaving in the experiences of women survivors of intimate partner violence