TOPIC 14 GENETICS
What is genetics?
What is genetics? Genetics is the study of heredity
Okay, then what is heredity?
Okay, then what is heredity? Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring
Oh, then what are traits?
Oh, then what are traits? Traits are the characteristics of an organism
Well, what gives an organism its traits?
Traits are determined by the genes
Traits are determined by the genes Traits are determined by the genes. Genes are stored in the chromosomes of the DNA
Traits are determined by the genes Traits are determined by the genes. Genes are stored in the chromosomes of the DNA. DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell
Oh, we forgot to talk about something…how do mitosis and meiosis differ?
How do mitosis and meiosis differ? Mitosis is cellular division of a parent cell leading to an exact replication of a daughter cell
How do mitosis and meiosis differ? Meiosis is cellular division of a parent cell leading to two new daughter cells with exactly half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
Now back to the genes…how do genes function?
Now back to the genes…how do genes function? No! Not these.
How do genes function? These
So, what do we need to know about how genes function So, what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know:
So what do we need to know about how genes function So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know: 1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes.
So what do we need to know about how genes function So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know: 1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes. 2. Three nucleotides join together to form a codon.
So what do we need to know about how genes function So what do we need to know about how genes function? Here are 3 points to know: 1. There are four nucleotides that make up genes. 2. Three nucleotides join together to form a codon. 3. Codons are then grouped together to form a gene.
Do you remember what DNA is?
Do you remember what DNA is? It is… Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Do you remember what DNA is? It was discovered by… Guys named Watson and Crick
Do you remember what DNA is? What it does… DNA carries the genetic information of an organism
We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they?
We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they? They are the basic building blocks of DNA
We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they? They are the basic building blocks of DNA Made of sugar and phosphate: sides of ladder
We mentioned nucleotides before, just what are they? They are the basic building blocks of DNA Made of sugar and phosphate: sides of ladder Made of four bases: the rings of the ladder
Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts.
Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts. 2. Nucleotides in the cell’s cytoplasm pair up with their counterparts on the 1/2 strands of DNA
Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts. 2. Nucleotides in the cell’s cytoplasm pair up with their counterparts on the 1/2 strands of DNA 3. Adenine pairs up with thymine, cytosine pairs up with guanine
Genes replicate by: 1. The DNA unzips into two parts. 2. Nucleotides in the cell’s cytoplasm pair up with their counterparts on the 1/2 strands of DNA 3. Adenine pairs up with thymine, cytosine pairs up with guanine 4. The strands re-zip together forming two new DNA strands
The problem with genes being needed to make proteins, but proteins needed to make genes