Prehistoric Native American Cultures Paleo - Archaic - Woodland - Mississippian

Chapter 3 TOC Chapter 3 Terms Chapter 3 Timeline Page # Title Date 1. Chapter 3 Terms 2. Chapter 3 Timeline 3. Prehistory Versus History 4. Archeology: What is it? 5. Georgia’s Prehistoric Groups: Paleo 6. Georgia’s Prehistoric Groups: Archaic 7. Georgia’s Prehistoric Groups: Woodland 8. Georgia’s Prehistoric Groups: Mississippian 9. Georgia’s Prehistoric Native Americans Chart 10. Chapter 3 Study Guide

Begin defining Chapter 3 terms in your Chp. 3 notebook 1. Archaeologist 2. Artifact 3. Shale 4. Anthropologist 5. Culture 6. Oral Tradition*p. 74 7. Nomadic*p. 76 8. Horticulture 9. Excavations*p. 77 10. Tribe *p. 78 11. Clan 12. Midden*p. 82 *not in glossary, look on the page given SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.

What technology divides Prehistory from History? Page 3 Writing! Prehistoric cultures are those cultures for which we have no written record. What we know about prehistoric cultures comes from the archeological record. Archeologists learn about cultures by examining artifacts that are usually excavated (dug up). They make assumptions about how artifacts were used by the culture.

What do archeologist study? (Think outside the canned answer)

Archeology Page 4 Garbology? Archeology are studying what past cultures left behind - basically their garbage. Think about what a person could learn about your family by sifting through your garbage. Archeologists love to find middens (refuse piles) or garbage pits. The Longer a group stays in a location - the more artifacts (garbage) they leave behind. Simple rule: the deeper in the ground it is - the older it is.

Page 8

Prehistoric Native American Cultures Standard Standard SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando DeSoto. c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area Prior: Before Evolution: The gradual change of something over time normally from simple to more complex

Paleo 15,000 - 8,000 BC Oldest culture in North America Life Style Page 5 15,000 - 8,000 BC Oldest culture in North America Life Style lived in small groups of 25-50 Nomadic Hunters and gathers Hunted large animals Mammoth and Bison Followed the herds

Paleo Tools/Technology/Advancements Page 5 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements left behind a small archeological record Being nomadic they seldom left behind large trash pits for archeologists to find Stone tools Spear Tips Scrapers Knives Atlatl Was a lever Designed to help throw spears (darts) farther and with greater velocity

Archaic Page 6 8,000 - 1,000 BC This cultural period is often divided into three segments: early, middle, and late. Life Style lived in groups possibly as large as 100 people Nomadic, but not moving as often Still hunters and gathers, but agriculture begins to develop during the late Archaic period. Diet begins to change Smaller animals such as deer Fish Shellfish - Stalling Island

Archaic Tools/Technology/Advancements Stone tools Spear Tips Scrapers Page 6 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements Stone tools Spear Tips Scrapers Knives Grooved ax Tools made from animal bones and shell Pottery Agriculture

Prehistoric Native American Cultures Paleo - Archaic - Woodland - Mississippian

Prehistoric Native American Cultures Standard a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. Standard SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando DeSoto. c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area Evolution: The gradual change of something over time normally from simple to more complex Prior: Before

woodland Page 7 1,000 BC - 1,000 AD This cultural period is often divided into three segments: early, middle, and late. Life Style lived in larger groups in more permeant dwellings Moved much less Hunters, gathers, and farmers Grew: squash, wild greens, sunflowers, etc... Gathered: nuts and berries Hunted deer and small game as well as fished

woodland Tools/Technology/Advancements Stone tools Spear Tips Scrapers Page 7 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements Stone tools Spear Tips Scrapers Knives Grooved ax Tools made from animal bones, shell, and deer antler Pottery Agriculture Bow and arrow

woodland Page 7 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements Mound Building Cone shaped burial mounds The care taken with burials and the artifacts found in the burials (grave goods) suggests they believed in an afterlife. Effigy ceremonial mounds An effigy looks like something else Effigy mounds were shaped like animals Rock Eagle and Rock Hawk in Georgia and Snake mound in Ohio. The building of mounds suggests that their society was well organized and food may have been easier to acquire, thus affording the “free time” needed for not only building the mounds but also for creating the art and possible religious rituals that might accompany such locations.

Mississippian Page 8 700 - 1600 AD Considered the “highest” or most advanced culture. This is the culture that the first Europeans who explored the southeastern region of North America encountered, therefore we have a limited historic record of this culture. Life Style lived in larger walled cities that were surrounded by defensive ditches Agriculture made up the majority of their diet: maize, beans, pumpkins, squash Stayed in one location for many years.

Mississippian Page 8 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements Mound Building Large temple and burial mounds Flat topped pyramids The care taken with burials and the artifacts found in the burials (grave goods) suggests they believed in an afterlife. The building of mounds suggests that their society was well organized and food may have been easier to acquire, thus affording the “free time” needed for not only building the mounds but also for creating the art and possible religious rituals that might accompany such locations.

Mississippian Page 8 Continued Tools/Technology/Advancements Stone, bone, shell, and antler tools Pottery Art made from stone, shell, pottery, and copper Copper jewelry and headdresses Agriculture: They were considered to be master farmers, getting the bulk of their diet from farming. This culture had disappeared by the time other Europeans came into the area. Possible reasons: Diseases brought in by first European explorers Smallpox, measles, influenza, etc... Warfare Starvation The Creeks are believed to be the descendants of this culture

Georgia’s Prehistoric Native American Cultures Page 9 Early Peoples of Georgia Paleo Archaic Woodland Mississippian Time Period Before 10, 000 years ago 8000 BC to 1000 BC 1000 BC to 1000 AD 700 AD to 1600 AD Food Sources Large animals such as mammoths, bison, ground sloths, and Mastodons Small game, reptiles, fish and shell fish, berries, nuts, fruits Small game, fish, nuts and berries, some crops (squash, sunflowers) Crops (maize, beans, pumpkins, squash) Weapons, Tools, Utensils Spears Spears, choppers, drills, chipping tools, bone fish hooks, grooved axes, pipes, pottery Bow and arrow, pottery Similar to Woodland culture, stone hoes, copper headdresses Shelter & Structure No fixed shelter; followed herds of large animals Crude Shelters, stayed into one place longer Small Villages of dome-shaped huts with grass roofs, mounds Larger villages with ceremonial buildings