George Percivall OGC Chief Architect 25 July 2010 Use of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Standards in the Geosciences Tutorial at IGARSS 2010 George Percivall OGC Chief Architect 25 July 2010 Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Use of OGC Standards in the Geosciences This tutorial will provide an overview of standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and their use in the geosciences. The OGC is a non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization.   Geosciences have been a main driver for OGC standards.   Concepts from geodesy,  remote sensing, metrology, and science informatics were used to define the standards.   The standards have been applied both before and after adoption to the fields of hydrology, geology, meteorology, oceanography, land cover, and many other scientific domains of the geosciences.   Geoscience applications will be presented showing use of OGC standards for data and information discovery, access, processing, fusion and decision-support. Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

IGARSS 2010 Tutorial Use of OGC Standards in the Geosciences 1. Why open standards matter (08:30 am) e1. KML exercise 2. Standards for geoscience information e2. CSML feature exercise 3. OGC Web Service standards Break (10:15 to 10:30 am) 4. Sensor Web Enablement standards e3/4. OWS operation exercise 5. Geoweb – a global community e5. OWS client exercise 6. Applying this on your system (adjourn 12:30 pm) Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Instructor: George Percivall University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign BS Engineering Physics MS Electrical Engineering - Control Systems Hughes Aircraft GOES and GMS Weather Satellite System Engineer Commercial Systems Engineering NASA EOSDIS Core System Chief Engineer: Evaluation Prototypes and Terra/Landsat Release NASA representative to OGC, FGDC and ISO TC 211 Joined OGC in 2004 Chief Architect Executive Director, Interoperability Program IEEE Senior Member - member since 1983 Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Exercises developed by Arnulf Christl Geography and Informatics at Phillipps University of Marburg, and Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Bonn, Germany ExSE Experimental Server development of OGC WMT standard Founder and owner of CCGIS Consulting Center for GIS, Bonn Joined OGC as Principal Member in 2006 Design, Implementation of the Geoportal of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Co-Founder of the non-profit Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) Elected president of OSGeo (2008) Founder and owner of the WhereGroup, Bonn (http://www.geoportal.rlp.de) Design and Implementation of the Pollutant Release and Tranfer Registry of Germany (http://www.prtr.bund.de) Joined the OGC Architecture Board in 2008 Founder of the brand Metaspatial (2010) focusing on Metadata in the Geospatial Realm Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

George Percivall OGC Chief Architect 25 July 2010 Section 1. Why Open Standards Matter OGC and Geosciences Tutorial at IGARSS 2010 George Percivall OGC Chief Architect 25 July 2010 Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Interoperability allows a Common Reality “What we are doing is facilitating a common picture of reality for different organizations which have different views of the reality, the disaster, the emergency, the catastrophe, that they all have to deal with collectively” David Schell Chairman OGC Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 1. Why Open Standards Matter What do we mean by open standards? The value of open standards The OGC organization and programs OGC Standards Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

What is a standard? A document, established by consensus and approved by a community using formal processes, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. EuroControl Aeronautical SkyView2 application Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 9 9

What do we mean by “Open” Standard? Freely and publicly available Non discriminatory No license fees Vendor neutral Data neutral Agreed to by a formal consensus process What do we mean by “open” and an “open system”? First, consider the term “open”. This adjective is used extensively in the IT industry – including the GIS industry. But very seldom do we see this term actually defined. At the OGC, we use the term Open in very much the same way as the Open Source organization does (http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php). So, from the OGC perspective, we and our members firmly believe that all of the standards and specifications created by the OGC member consensus process must be: Freely and publicly available: All of the OGC specifications must be available free of charge (no royalties) and unencumbered by patents and other intellectual property. Non discriminatory: Available to any one, any organization, any time, any where with no restrictions. No license fees: There are no charges any time for the use of OpenGIS specifications. Vendor neutral: The OpenGIS specifications do not favor any vendor over another. They are vendor neutral in terms of their content and implementation concept. Data neutral: OpenGIS Specifications are independent of any data storage model or format. Agreed to by a formal, member based consensus process: All OpenGIS specifications are defined, documented, and approved by a formal, member driven consensus process. The OGC Technical Committee Polices and Procedures document all aspects of the formal consensus process. Definitions from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Open System: A system with characteristics that comply with specified, publicly maintained, readily available standards and that therefore can be connected to other systems that comply with these same standards. A system is a combination of two or more interrelated services arranged in a functional package to perform an operational function or to satisfy a requirement. Within the OGC, many of the terms and concepts related to open systems and interoperability can be traced to the OSI-RM, or OSI Reference Model. Essentially, this is a model of network architecture and a suite of protocols (a protocol stack) to implement it, developed by ISO in 1978 as a framework for international standards in heterogeneous computer network architecture. Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., Why Open Standards? Rapidly mobilize new capabilities – plug and play Lower systems costs Encourage market competition Choose based on functionality desired Avoid “lock in” to a proprietary architecture Decisions to share information and services become policy decisions Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

Interoperability and Standards are Key OGC Vision To achieve the full societal, economic and scientific benefits of integrating location resources into commercial and institutional processes worldwide Source: CSIRO, South Esk River Catchment Hydrologic Sensor Web, Tasmania Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Mapster Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 12

OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 1. Why Open Standards Matter What do we mean by open standards? The value of open standards The OGC organization and programs OGC Standards Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Some (non-interoperating) Web Mapping Systems Web Browser GIS DATA X TIGER Map Server EnviroMapper MapGuide™ Internet Map Server GLOBE Visualization ELVIS Orthophoto Browser NetGIS Spatial Web Broker PARC Map Viewer STAR Next Surf GeoMedia™ WebMap CARIS Internet Server MapObjects IMS MapXtreme™ Mapquest Internet TerraServer Copyright © 2006 Open Geospatial Consortium

A Concrete Example TerraServer - http://terraserver.microsoft.com MapQuest - http://www.mapquest.com EPA - http://www.epa.gov/enviro/enviromapper.html Copyright © 2006 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Web Mapping GetMap Land GetMap Water GetMap Boundaries Source A Land GetMap Source B GetMap Water Source C Data about Digital Resources Boundaries Figure Source: Jeff de La Beaujardiere, NASA

Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., Return on Investment Multiple studies confirm the value and advantage of open standards based solutions: NASA Geospatial Interoperability: Return on Investment Study: http://gio.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ROI%20Study.pdf Value of Standards, Delphi Report: http://www.delphigroup.com/research/whitepapers/20030728-standards.pdf Economic Benefits of Standardization, DIN German Institute for Standardization: http://www.sis.se/upload/632248898159687500.pdf Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

Benefits - Participation in OGC Programs Direct, legal, and broad dialog with industry on interoperability needs Align industry on priority standards needs – User community organizations help to identify and prioritize requirements for new standards. Improve choice and competition in the marketplace – Involvement in OGC helps create broad industry incentive to advance and implement OGC standards in their products. This increases the pool of standards-based products that can be plugged into a system or enterprise -- no single application meets the needs of all users Small investments in the OGC process help to reduce technology life cycle risk and cost – minor investments by many OGC members often yields industry action and consensus on standards. When this happens, organizations reduce their reliance on custom solutions and associated maintenance costs © 2007 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 1. Why Open Standards Matter What do we mean by open standards? The value of open standards The OGC organization and programs OGC Standards Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., OGC Snapshot An International Voluntary Consensus Standards Organization, founded in 1994. 400 members and growing 28 implementation standards Hundreds of product implementations in the market Broad user community implementation worldwide OGC Membership Distribution By Region Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., OGC Snapshot An International Voluntary Consensus Standards Organization, founded in 1994. 400 members and growing 28 implementation standards Hundreds of product implementations in the market Broad user community implementation worldwide OGC Membership Distribution By Type Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,

Example Government Organizations DOD Australia Geoscience Australia NSW Dept of Environment and Climate Change (Australia) Eurocontrol European Environment Agency European Satellite Centre European Space Agency UK MOD UK MET METEO France Korea Land & Housing BRGM (France) Ordnance Survey (UK) State Land Agencies (Germany) Natural Resources Canada US DHS US EPA US FAA US NASA USGS US NGA US Census US NOAA JPEO Oakridge National Lab NC Dept of Environment & Natural Resources Dept. Science & Technology (India) EU Joint Research Centre © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc..

Example Member Organizations © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc..

OGC Alliance Partnerships A Critical Resource for Advancing Standards Geospatial interoperability is our mission and our expertise. OGC has alliances with other major standards and professional organizations to assure that geospatial interoperability is consistently addressed across the broader IT community. There is a growing body of internet standards that employ OGC standards (such as OGC Geography Markup Language) to consistently define and address “location” across the internet and wireless. … and others www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/alliancepartners Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability Interoperability Program (IP) - global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market Rapid Interface Development Specification Development Program – Consensus processes similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA, OMG, etc). Standards Setting As a response, the OpenGIS concept and dream began due to: 1. The user’s need to integrate geographic information contained in heterogeneous data stores whose incompatible formats and data structures have prevented interoperability. This incompatibility has limited use of the technology in enterprise and Internet computing environments, and the time, cost, and expertise required for data conversion have slowed adoption of geoprocessing across all market segments. 2. The larger community’s need for improved access to public and private geodata sources, with preservation of the data’s semantics. 3. Agency and vendor needs to develop standardized approaches for specification of geoprocessing requirements for information system procurements. 4. The industry’s need to incorporate geodata and geoprocessing resources into national and enterprise information infrastructures, in order that these resources may be found and used as easily as any other network-resident data and processing resources. 5. Users’ need to preserve the value of their legacy geoprocessing systems and legacy geodata while incorporating new geoprocessing capabilities and geodata sources. Marketing and Outreach Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs Market Adoption Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Interoperability Program Development Testbed Pilot OGC Network Experiment Specification Program Technology Maturation Specifications Implementations Demonstrations Types of Interoperability Program Initiatives Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 1. Why Open Standards Matter What do we mean by open standards? The value of open standards The OGC organization and programs OGC Standards Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Specifications http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards Implementation Specifications - Standards Basis for working software; detail the interface structure between software components Abstract Specifications Conceptual foundation / reference model for spec development Best Practices Describe use of specifications Engineering Reports Results from OGC Interoperability Program Discussion Papers Forum for public review of concepts

OGC Web Services Standards Core OGC Standards: Web Map Service (WMS) Web Feature Service (WFS) Web Coverage Service (WCS) Catalogue (CSW) Geography Markup Language (GML) KML Others… Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Market Availability see http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/products Free availability of standards stimulates market Hundreds of Products Implementing OGC Standards Compliance Test & Certification Program Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

For Details on OGC Standards… Freely available www.opengeospatial.org/standards OGC Reference Model (ORM) Overview of OGC Standards Baseline Resource for defining architectures for specific applications www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm George Percivall, gpercivall at opengeospatial.org Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 1. Why Open Standards Matter What do we mean by open standards? The value of open standards The OGC organization and programs OGC Standards Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Exercise 1: KML Google contributed KML to become an open standard for geobrowsers Exercises: e1a. Effelsberg – offline e1b. KML samples - online Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC KML Encoding Standard For geographic visualization, including annotation of maps and images. Presentation of graphical data on the globe Control of the user's navigation: where to go and where to look XML encoding Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

IGARSS 2010 Tutorial Use of OGC Standards in the Geosciences 1. Why open standards matter (08:30 am) e1. KML exercise 2. Standards for geoscience information e2. CSML feature exercise 3. OGC Web Service standards Break (10:15 to 10:30 am) 4. Sensor Web Enablement standards e3/4. OWS operation exercise 5. Geoweb – a global community e5. OWS client exercise 6. Applying this on your system (adjourn 12:30 pm) Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.