The 13 Colonies and the British Empires 1607-1750

Types of Colonies Under the British Monarch 3 major types of colonies were financed in the New World Corporate Colonies– funded by joint stock companies. Royal Colonies—direct rule of the king Proprietary Colonies– individuals under a royal charter

Chesapeake Colonies Maryland Virginia Proprietary colony under the control of Lord Baltimore Act of toleration: accepting of all Christian religions in the colony Protestant revolt leads to the loss of voting right for Catholics Economic problems– over production of tobacco Political problems– Bacon’s rebellion against Sir William Berkley Lasting class differences and resistance to the royal colony

Labor Shortages in the Colonies Tobacco is labor intensive; uneven number of men and women Indentured Servants: working off passage to the New World, and room and board Headright system: 50 acres of land to anyone who pays for their passage or a plantation owner who pays for another persons passage Slaves: 1619 start of slave trade; initially treated the same as white indentured servants

Development of New England Dissenters—Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson create more excepting colonies Halfway Covenant: Generation born in the New World with less connection to the Puritan message Connecticut established in order to promote religious acceptance and representative government New Hampshire established by King Charles II to gain more royal control in the colonies

Conflict in New England New England confederation created in defense (1640- 1684) because of lack of protection from the crown King Philips War: thousands are killed on both sides The killing of “King Philip” (Metacom) ended Native American resistance

Restoration—17th Century Colonies New York and New Jersey Charles II wants to consolidate the colonies on the Atlantic coast—Dutch do not resist New York is under the control of the Duke of York (James II) New Jersey was originally 2 separate religiously tolerant colonies that were combine in1702 The Carolinas Developed from proprietors SC based on fur trade and large rice plantations NC based on small self- sufficient tobacco farms

Pennsylvania and Delaware PA Quakers and William Penn Religious toleration “Society of Friends” “The Holy Experiment” DE Penn granted lower colonies their own assembly Same governor as PA

Georgia Created as as protective boarder between Spanish Florida and the growing plantations in S.C. Used to outsource the over crowded prisons of London

Acts of Trade and Navigation Mercantilism in the Empire Effects Trade only to be carried out by England All goods passed through England Specified good could only go to England such as tobacco Positive: Shipbuilding and tobacco industries prospered and colonies were militarily protected Negative: Low profit, limited manufacturing, high prices Acts not strictly enforced— Dominion of New England

Growth of Slavery Reduced Migration Dependable work force Need for cheap labor Development of first slave laws Triangular Trade System