Challenges and opportunities facing ESRDC Steinar J. Dale ESRDC Annual Meeting MSU May 27, 2009

Challenges and opportunities for ESRDC NGIPS Roadmap Changing role Market Risks ESRDC Value Proposition Strategic Objectives and Approach FY 08 - 12 Thrusts

Next Generation Integrated Power System ESRDC ROLE Objective Develop and evaluate alternatives for the integrated power system architecture for the transformational war fighter, common interfaces for loads, and design constraints Focus Areas Design tools, model development and model transportability Technical standard development ESRDC Focus Source: ONR

Key Challenges raised by NGIPS roadmap Fault detection and isolation System stability Load sharing between generators Grounding strategies and practices Power Quality/Quality of Service Design standards guides Shore power connections

Changing Role Core funding for our traditional research role decreasing First 5 years was $ 52.5 million Second five years was $42.5 million We will see more “directed” research of the core funding NGIPS Challenge Problems Special Teams We will have additional funding through “ESRDC Technology” T-Craft Compact Power Conversion Participation on key standards committees and task forces

More “directed” research NGIPS – three major architectures Challenge Problems Color Teams Support standards development Technology Evaluations

Challenge problems Challenge Problems Storage – comprehensive study performed in 2007 by ESRDC No follow up from Navy Location of Energy Storage within Architecture still an open issue – Capt. Doerry Potentially new challenges from shipyard study (purple team)

MVDC, Color Demos and Teams Red Team - ESRDC Purple Team – shipyards, NSWC Philadelphia Orange Team – Industry (ABB, GE, etc)

Red Team - MVDC ESRDC leader – Mischa Steurer - FSU Notional system for HIL studies Simulation with validated models from available hardware Arc faults (UT) Stability criteria (Purdue) MVDC low voltage PHIL at FSU with USC, MSU using AMSC PEBB Interface with Orange Team (ABB) ESRDC role of validating models in system architecture in VTB and RTDS Interface with Purple Team Input to P1709 (MVDC standards)

Purple Team ESRDC representatives: Chrys, Ed Major Shipbuilders, NSWC, NAVSEA, ESRDC, and ONR Determine tool status and capability for ship system design Perform baseline round robin simulations to establish metrics Initiate a common Navy wide electrical system design environment Initiate a Navy Model library

Orange Team ESRDC representative: Roger Team members: ABB, GE, others

Purple Team tasking Tasking to ESRDC/Challenge Problems Establish a method for calculating system capacitive charging currents in mixed AC/DC systems Develop criteria for establishing system ground locations and system isolation in mixed AC/DC systems Evaluate feasibility of AC link, direct conversion techniques for application with shipboard medium voltage integrated power system Evaluate the feasibility of common, multi-function modular AC link direct conversion topology Develop system stability criteria and associated measurements methods that will allow feasible pass/fail stability tests for mixed AC/DC systems

Technology Evaluations Funded outside and in addition to the ESRDC core grant Utilizing the ESRDC grant mechanism Fast turnaround and time limited May exclude non-US citizens/persons Requires NDAs with industry Present projects: T-Craft – leader –Jon Herbst - UT Compact Power Support – leader – Dave Cartes FSU

T-Craft University of Texas/CEM has lead role John Herbst PI, Ferenc Bogdan (FSU) co-PI Evaluated proposals from 3 vendors Alion Umoe-Mandal Textron Final report submitted to ONR early October New proposal for Phase II submitted April 09

ESRDC Engagement in Standards and Practices Activities IEEE 1547 – DG Interconnection CIGRE, FCL Testing Task Force IEEE P1662 - Power Electronics on Ships IEEE 1709 - MVDC systems for ships IEEE I 8 - PEBB working Group TF 1 Universal Controller TF 2 Tools for PEBB systems design IEEE PES Marine Systems Coordinating Committee IEEE 45 – ship electric power systems installation

Market The Naval Sea Systems Command has established the Electric Ship Office (ESO) to lead the development of advanced technologies and components that will improve operating efficiency of current ships, enhance the capabilities of the existing integrated power system that was designed for the DDG 1000, and produce the Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS) for future ship classes. Electric Ship is on list of proposed Innovative Naval Prototype for 2012 As ONR-sponsored research in power and energy systems begins to diminish, ESO and the related new ship acquisition programs will become increasingly strong potential markets. High-energy and directed-energy systems are being pursued as possible future offensive and/or defensive ship weapons. Their development involves participation by offices outside of PEO (Ships) and the ESO The new administration is pushing for stronger interactions on energy research between agencies

Risks Available future funding. - Fully funding the ESRDC Grant would require 100% of currently available funds at ONR and it’s unlikely that ONR would be able or willing to sustain that beyond the present grant. Cancellation of DDG-1000 – There is a strong possibility that this Class will be limited to 3 ships and that 8-11 additional DDG-51 Class ships will be built instead with “applicable Zumwalt technologies” This could negate the need for continuation of development of new technologies for insertion into the existing IPS architecture resulting in significant reduction in near- term funding. CG(X) Is Not All-Electric – One option that is being considered for CG(X) is nuclear propulsion with a mechanical drive transmission. If this option is selected, NGIPS will be either cancelled or significantly delayed

Risk Innovative Naval Prototype. - Electric ship program will not be selected as an NIP Naval Laboratories – The appearance of competition with naval laboratories for tasks that have traditionally fallen within their charters will make it difficult or impossible for work to be awarded to ESRDC. This is particularly critical for efforts from NAVSEA that may appear to be within the scope of NSWC.

ESRDC Value Proposition to the Navy Brings unique capabilities to solve Navy problems Provides unbiased, non commercial technical information and perspectives to the community at large Gives Navy and industry access to facilities, and diverse and complementary expertise not available from a single institution Provides Navy and Industry with laboratory for power systems emulation, large scale prototype experimentation and validation Many members holds security clearance Proven Administrative agility System in place to efficiently receive and disburse research grants to members Established history and proven collaborations Changing membership to meet changing conditions and new capability/expertise needs to better address Navy problems Experience in managing ITAR and business confidential data Focus on next generation workforce Program has good academic reputation and attracts US students

Strategic Objectives Accelerate development and demonstration of advanced technologies, and modeling and simulation tools to provide critical design and operational capabilities for the all-electric ship program Provide verification of Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS) architectures, and high- energy and directed-energy loads Develop power management system concepts to stimulate insertion of new technologies into future ship programs. Address the national shortage of electrical power engineers Supplement core funding with additional ONR-funded Challenge Problems and Technology Assessment projects Support Navy labs and shipbuilder team (Purple) Support ONR led Orange team (industry) Support the Electric Ship Office (NAVSEA) Develop a role for ESRDC on energy research for DOD and DOE Utilize our expertise to solve ship and terrestrial grid issues

Approach Develop integrated simulation framework to enable optimization for early ship design Develop advanced power system architectures, advanced models including real-time, controls & protocols schemes, and integrated electrical and thermal models Assess the NGIPS options Collaboratively link multi-university test facilities and labs to evaluate models, controls and machines Conduct total system evaluation to reduce risk of new technology insertion.

ESRDC Research Focus 2008-2012 Computational Tools for Early Ship design Ship Electric Power System Total Ship Solution to Thermal Management Load management Next Generation Integrated Power System Source: ONR ESRDC supports major objectives of the Naval S&T Strategic Plan and the NGIPS Roadmap

Discussion Are there factors from the market that should make us radically reevaluate our proposed approach Are the thrusts as defined in our proposal still appropriate What should be the core elements in our FY 10 SOW How do we approach the MVHF architecture Who takes ownership How do we approach the challenge of expanding to include utility electric grid in research portfolio