Chapter 13 Notes

Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 5 year voyage on the HMS _________ Naturalist who collected specimens and studied varieties of plants and animals Theorized that the fittest (best adapted to that environment) would survive and pass on their genes

Evolution Biological _____________over time (due to mutations) Some mutations are ________, some bad Observable (how we know it happened) through extensive ___________record Natural selection is nature’s way of picking the most ____________traits of a _________ or species and allowing individuals to pass these genes on

Natural selection takes a _________time but eventually produces a population better suited to the environment Darwin noted that around the world, similar species of animals had a few small _________________that made them better adapted to their individual environment

He theorized that these similar animals came from one common __________________and evolved to better suit the individual environment Ex: Penicillin when introduced in WWII, killed all bacteria. Gradually some bacteria ____________and were not killed. They reproduced and produced a population of bacteria that are totally ______________to penicillin

Adaptations and Natural Selection _____________—adaptation of copying the appearance of another species for protection Ex: king snake and coral snake

Camouflage—adaptation that allows organism to blend into its _________________Ex: flounder on ocean floor, walking stick insects Both adaptations allow organism to escape predators and survive to ________________

Artificial selection ____________chooses certain traits and breeds for them Takes a very _____________time to achieve results Ex: cat born with no tail—these accidental offspring were bred to produce a new breed of cat

Evidence for evolution _________________structures—similar structures in different organisms suggest a common ancestor _____________structures—different structures with similar functions—suggest evolutionary relationship is not close

Evidence for evolution (cont) _____________structures—body structures no longer used Ex. Appendix, wings in flightless birds ________________development—suggests common ancestor—many embryos are very similar in early development Genetic comparisons—using _______________sequences to compare relationships—the more the genetic code is similar, the closer the relationship.