TOPIC: BRICKS

1.INTRODUCTION TO BRICKS. 2.USES OF BRICKS. 3.TYPES OF BRICKS. CONTENTS: 1.INTRODUCTION TO BRICKS. 2.USES OF BRICKS. 3.TYPES OF BRICKS.

INTRODUCTION TO BRICKS: A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now used to denote any rectangular units laid in mortar.

Bricks are used in following civil works USES OF BRICKS: Bricks are used in following civil works 1.As building blocks for constructing walls and partitions. 2.As pavers for footpaths. 3.For bridge piers & industrial foundations. 4.For lining sewer lines. 5.For protecting steel columns from fire. 6.For lining ovens,furnances & chimneys.

The following types of bricks are available in market: 1.Building bricks. 2.Heavy duty building bricks. 3.Perforated building bricks. 4.Hollow bricks. 5.Facing bricks. 6.Paving bricks. 7.Sewer bricks. 8.Specially shaped bricks. 9.Fire clay bricks. 10.Fly ash bricks.

1.Building Brick: Building bricks are used for construction of walls in building. each class of bricks subdivided into sub class A and B based on tolerance and shape, sub-class A bricks have rectangular face with sharp corners & uniform colour. Bricks with slightly distorted faces & rounded edges are grouped under sub-class B.

2.Heavy Duty Building Brick: These bricks are used for construction of bridge piers, machine foundation and construction of multistorey load bearing walls. These are two classes of such bricks: 1.Class 400 bricks with compressive strength 400-449 kg/cm^2. 2.Class 450 bricks with compressive strength not less than 450 N/mm^2. Based on tolerance & shape bricks may be classified into Class A and Class B. Class A bricks have Sharp edges, corners & emit a ringing sound. Class B bricks are slightly distorted edges.

3.Perforated Building Bricks: Perforated bricks are manufactured with an area of perforation of 30-45 percent. The specifications are: 1.Water absorption should not be more than 15%. 2.Compressive strength should not be less than 7N/mm^2. 3.Thickness of any shell should not be less than 15mm, that of the web not less than 10mm.

4.Dimension parallel to short side should be not more than 20 mm for rectangular perforation and not more than 25 mm for circular perforation. 5.Larger dimensions of perforation should be parallel to longer side. They are manufactured in sizes 190x90x90 mm & 290x90x90 mm.

4.Hollow Lightweight Brick: These bricks are light and provide good thermal insulation to buildings. They are used to construct walls and partitions. the Thickness of the shell should be minimum of 11mm and that of any web minimum of 8mm.blocks should be free from cracks, flaws & nodules of free lime. These are the 3 sub-classes of hollow bricks:

These are the 3 sub-classes of hollow bricks: Type A: Blocks with both faces keyed for plastering. Type B: Blocks with both faces smoothened for use without plastering. Type C: Blocks with one face keyed & one face smooth. NOTE: Minimum crushing strength prescribed is 3.5 N/mm^2 & Maximum water absorption is 20%.

5.Facing Bricks: These bricks are used in the outer face of masonry. No plastering is required on the exposed faces of these bricks. These bricks are made using selected clay with colouring agents. Obviously, they are costly. There are two classes of these bricks:

Class I: Compressive strength not less than 100 kg/cm^2 (10 N/mm^2). Class II: compressive strength not less than 75 kg/cm^2 (7.5 N/mm^2).

6.Paving Bricks: These are vitrified bricks & are used as pavers for footpaths & cycle tracks. Their strength is minimum of 400 kg/cm^2. & water absorption not more than 5% for these bricks. They are available in standard sizes 190x95x90 mm and 195x95x40 mm.

*PAVING BRICKS*

7.Sewer Bricks:

Sewer bricks are used for construction of domestic sewage lines and flooring in chemical plants. They are manufactured from surface clay, fire clay, shale or from a combination of these. The average strength of these bricks should be minimum of 17.5 N/mm^2, and water absorption a maximum of 10%. These bricks are manufactured in the standard sizes of 190x90x90 mm & 190x90x40 mm.

*Acid Resistant Brick*

8.Soling Bricks: These bricks are used for soling roads. The bricks should be free from cracks & lime modules. As far as possible, faces should be plane, rectangular, with edges straight and corners at 90 degree. Compressive strength should be minimum of 5 N/mm^2 & water absorption, a minimum of 20%. They are available in standard sizes of 190x90x90 mm .and 190x90x40 mm.

9.SPECIAL SHAPED BRICKS:

Bricks of special shapes are manufactured to meet different requirements in construction

10.Fire Clay Bricks: Fire clay bricks are also known as refractory bricks. Can withstand high temperature. They are used for making crucibles & for lining furnaces. They are made from clay composed of heat resistant materials like silica, alumina, magnesia & bauxite. The clay should not contain materials like oxide of lime, Iron & alkalis.

The bricks are white or yellowish in colour The bricks are white or yellowish in colour. They can withstand a temperature of 1300 degree Celsius. The following varieties are manufactured to meet different requirements: 1. Acid bricks for acidic lining. 2. Basic bricks for basic lining. 3. Neutral bricks for neutral lining.

11.Fly Ash Bricks: Fly ash is obtained as a waste product from burning of coal or lignite in varies industries. power houses produce it on a very large scale At one stage, disposal of fly ash was a big problem posing environmental hazard. Researchers found that mixing fly ash and lime with clay gave better properties to the brick.

This not only solved the problem disposal of waste fly ash, it also resulted in stronger and more uniform bricks.

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