Anne Preston Speed and Mike Bamman OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Difference in the Measure of Body-Esteem Between Female Adolescent Dancer’s Wearing Proper Attire vs. Non-Proper Attire Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Huntingdon College – Montgomery, Alabama ABSTRACT TABLE 2- DESCRIPTIVE DATA OF PHYSICAL CONDITION (PC) HYPOTHESES The purpose of this study was to recognize the effects the level of attire had on an individual’s body-esteem. Assessment was conducted through the Modified Body-Esteem Questionnaire (MBEQ). Subjects completed a one hour dance class during their regular schedule class time, and they were classified into non-proper and proper dance attire groups based on their clothing. Subscales of the MBEQ were compared and included weight concern (WC) and physical condition (PC). The means of both subscales were calculated and compared between the non-proper and proper attire group. There were no significant differences between the two group’s reaction to WC and PC based upon the mean and standard deviation calculations. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed to find correlation between the independent and dependent variables. A significance score of (p= 0.717) was found. In conclusion, this shows that non-proper and proper dance attire had no significant effects on an adolescent female dancer’s body-esteem. Mean Std. Deviation Max Min Non-Proper n=10 33.6 4.7 40 25 Proper n=10 34.3 28 To address the purpose of the study, the following null hypothesis was tested. Ho: There is no difference in the measure of body-esteem of female adolescent dancers that were wearing proper attire versus non-proper attire.   This study also considered the following alternative hypothesis. Ha: A female adolescent dancer wearing proper attire will have a more negative sense of body-esteem than a female adolescent dancer wearing non-proper attire. TABLE 3- ANOVA STATISTICAL RESULTS Source of Variation Sum of Squares d.f. Mean Squares F P-value Between 65.00 3 21.37 0.4526 0.717 Error 1723. 36 47.87 Total 1788. 39 MATERIALS AND METHODS (n=20) Female adolescents' (ages 11-18) 75% Caucasian 25% African-Americans Recruited from convenience sample Permission by Parental Consent and Oral Assent Forms MBEQ utilized Ballet class participation (1hour) Completion of MBEQ (19 responses) Classified in groups based on garments (proper vs. non-proper) CONCLUSIONS OBJECTIVES Non-proper and proper dance attire have no significant effects on a female adolescent dancer’s sense of body-esteem No direct relationship of the type of dance attire influencing body-esteem Differences in body-esteem are drawn from another internal or external variable or stimulus. Fail to reject the null hypothesis (Ho): Ho1: There is no difference in the measure of body-esteem between female adolescent dancers wearing proper dance attire versus non-proper attire. Reject alternative hypothesis (Ha): Ha1: A female adolescent dancer wearing proper attire will have a more negative sense of body-esteem than a female adolescent dancer wearing non-proper attire. Recognize effects level of dance attire has on individual’s body-esteem Determine whether or not weight concern and physical condition influence attire choice Reveal whether or not attire directly influences body-esteem in the female adolescent population RESULTS OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS TABLE 1- DESCRIPTIVE DATA OF WEIGHT CONCERN (WC) Body-esteem is defined as the image one has about their own body which is formed in the mind, and then interpreted by an individual psychologically (Collins, Beumont, Touyz, Krass, Thompson, & Philips, 1987). Adolescent is defined as someone who falls between the ages of 11 and 18 during the lifespan development. Proper Dance Attire is defined by a student wearing a leotard and tights which provides no obstruction of physical features of the body including legs and arms Mean Std. Deviation Max Min Non-Proper n=10 31.5 7.7 46.0 17 Proper 31.4 9.4 41.0 19 Anne Preston Speed 1733 Shoreham Drive Montgomery, AL 36106 CONTACT INFORMATION