Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and Animal Cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, like bricks in a wall.

Structure is the shape and form, and function is the job that it does. Plant and Animal Cells Structure is the shape and form, and function is the job that it does.

Plant and Animal Cells The invention of the microscope around 1590 made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.

Robert Hooke was one of the first people to observe cells. Plant and Animal Cells Robert Hooke was one of the first people to observe cells.

Hooke looked at a piece of cork through a microscope. Plant and Animal Cells Hooke looked at a piece of cork through a microscope.

Plant and Animal Cells Hooke thought that the cork looked like tiny rectangular rooms, which he called cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Scientists developed the cell theory, which explains the relationship between cells and living things.

Plant and Animal Cells The cell theory is true for all living things, no matter how big or small.

Even my fur is made of cells! Plant and Animal Cells The cell theory states: All living things are composed of cells. Even my fur is made of cells!

The cell theory states: Plant and Animal Cells The cell theory states: Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

The cell theory states: All cells are produced from other cells. Plant and Animal Cells The cell theory states: All cells are produced from other cells.

Plant and Animal Cells The lens (or lenses) in a light microscope magnifies an object by bending the light that passes through it (them).

Inside each cell there are smaller structures called organelles. Plant and Animal Cells Inside each cell there are smaller structures called organelles.

Organelles are a lot like the internal organs of the cell. Plant and Animal Cells Organelles are a lot like the internal organs of the cell.

Plant and Animal Cells The organelles function to produce energy, build and transport needed materials, and store and recycle wastes.

Plant cells and animal cells have mostly the same organelles. Plant and Animal Cells Plant cells and animal cells have mostly the same organelles.

Plant and Animal Cells The main difference between plant cells and animal cells is the presence of a cell wall and choloplasts.

Plant Cells Cell wall- a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants. It protects and supports the cell. It gives plant cells a definite shape.

Plant Cells

The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane Plant Cells The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane

Plant and Animal Cells Cell membrane- It is like a window screen. It controls what substances come into and out of the cell. In plant cells, it is just inside the cell wall .

Plant and Animal Cells The cell membrane allows only certain materials to move in and out of the cell

Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm- A clear, thick gel-like fluid that fills a cell. Most organelles are found here.

Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm is the gel-like material inside the cell (but unlike gelatin it does flow)

Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus- a large oval structure that is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities. It is like the cell’s brain. There is a nuclear membrane that protects what goes in and out of the nucleus.

Plant and Animal Cells The nucleus is the like the cell’s manager. It controls the cell’s activities. The Manager, Mr. Nucleus

Plant Cell Animal Cell Nucleus

Plant and Animal Cells Chromatin- Thin strands floating in the nucleus that contain genetic material that is the instruction that directs the functions of a cell.

Plant and Animal Cells

Nucleolus- a small structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes Plant and Animal Cells Nucleolus- a small structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and Animal Cells Mitochondria- rod-shaped structures that produce the energy that the cell needs to carry out its functions.

Plant and Animal Cells mitochondria

mitochondria

Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” of the cell. Plant and Animal Cells Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” of the cell.

Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria. Plant and Animal Cells Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria.

Plant and Animal Cells Endoplasmic reticulum- A maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one point of the cell to another.

Plant and Animal Cells The endoplasmic reticulum is like a system of conveyors moving materials from one place to another.

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Plant and Animal Cells Ribosomes- Grainlike particles that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that produce proteins

Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and Animal Cells Golgi Bodies- Structures in the endoplasmic reticulum that look like flattened sacs and tubes.

Plant Cell Animal Cell Plant and Animal Cells Golgi Body

Plant and Animal Cells They receive proteins and other new materials and distribute them to other parts of the cell.

They are like the cell’s mailroom. Plant and Animal Cells They are like the cell’s mailroom.

Golgi Bodies package and move proteins Plant and Animal Cells Golgi Bodies package and move proteins

Plant Cells Chloroplasts- large green structures that float in the cytoplasm. They make plants green and capture the sun’s energy for photosynthesis.

Plant Cells Chloroplast

Plant Cells This photograph of elodea (a waterplant) has many green dots visible within the cells. These are the chloroplasts.

Plant and Animal Cells Vacuoles- A large, round, water-filled sac that is the storage area of the cell. They store food, water, and waste of the cell.

Plant Cells

Plant and Animal Cells Lysosomes- small round structures that contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

They are like the cell’s cleanup crew. Plant and Animal Cells They are like the cell’s cleanup crew.

Plant and Animal Cells A Lysosome acts as a wrecking ball that breaks apart wastes or worn out cell parts.

Each type of cell has a different function. Plant and Animal Cells Each type of cell has a different function.

Plant and Animal Cells The cells have a unique structure that is best suited for the function it carries out.

Plant and Animal Cells For example, nerve cells have long projections that allow them to pass messages from one cell to another.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

You better not fail this test! Study the Cell Parts You better not fail this test!