Bellringer What are the 3 G’s of Exploration? What was the significance of Dias’s voyage? What was the significance of Da Gama’s voyage? Why did China stay isolated? Why did Japan institute the closed country policy?

Ch. 4, Section 1: Spain Builds an American Empire

Thought…. Think of at least 3 examples of Spanish influence in America.

The Voyages of Columbus 1492 – Columbus sails west to reach Asia Thought he reached the East Indies Actually the Bahamas Mistakenly calls the natives “Indians” Claimed the islands for Spain Will make 3 more voyages to the Americas Spanish monarchs turn the islands into colonies Colonies = lands controlled by another nation

Other Explorers Take to the Seas Pedro Alvares Cabral Claims Brazil for Portugal in 1500 Portuguese build giant sugar plantations ($$$) Amerigo Vespucci Realized America is not Asia but a “new world” North & South America are named for him Vasco Nunez de Balboa Explored Panama First European to see the Pacific Ocean

Other Explorers Take to the Seas (cont.) Ferdinand Magellan Sailed around S. America Named the Pacific Ocean Pacific = “peaceful” Claims Philippines for Spain Killed in a local war His crew were 1st to circumnavigate the world Circumnavigate = sail around

Spanish Conquests in Mexico Conquistadors = “conquerors”; Spanish explorers looking to claim new lands for Spain Lured by rumors of gold Hernando Cortes Conquered Aztecs in Mexico Montezuma believed Cortes was a god wearing armor Governor Velasquez became concerned that Cortes' expedition was becoming larger than was originally planned. Velasquez decided to relieve Cortes of his command, but Cortes' brother-in-law killed the messenger carrying the governor's orders.

Cortes' Expedition Force included: 11 ships, with about 100 sailors. 530 soldiers, including 30 crossbowmen and 12 with arquebusses. A doctor, and several carpenters. At least eight women. a few hundred Cuban Indian servants and some African freedmen and slaves A Mayan Indian previously captured in the Yucatan, Ten large cannons, four small field guns, many savage war dogs, and

Spanish Conquests in Mexico Why was Cortes successful? Spanish had superior weapons Arrows vs. muskets,canons Some natives resented the Aztecs Human Sacrifice The invisible warrior  Disease Measles, Mumps, Smallpox, and Typhus

Spanish Conquests in Peru Francisco Pizzaro Conquers Incan Empire Kidnapped Atahulualpa, the Incan king and held him for ransom After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa Pizarro took the capital, Cuzco, without a fight

Spanish Conquests in Peru After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa Largest ransom ever paid $1,282,311,000

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest Didn’t just conquer people but lived among them Results in a large mestizo population Mestizo = people of Spanish AND Native American descent Encomienda System Spain gives settlers land in the new world as well as rights to native labor Settlers must promise to respect native workers Most abused the natives and worked them to death

Conquistadors in the North Ponce de Leon Claimed Florida for Spain Coronado Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Didn’t find gold, so priests were sent to settle area Santa Fe becomes capital for headquarters for Catholic missionaries

Opposition to Spanish Rule Rebellions occurred Spanish priests spread Chrisitianity in N. America Harsh methods burned sacred objects, banned rituals Priests also pushed for better treatment of Native Americans Criticized encomienda system Bartolome de Las Casas  Monk and harshest critic; suggested using Africans instead