Education in South Korea Private and public school: - receive funding from government Comparatively high results Brought Korean’s economic development It’s rigid Hierarchical structure  lowering innovation Intensely competitive  high suicide rate History Pre-division period ( -1945) : public and private schools 20th century (1948- ) : Philosophy of Education  Democratic Education By Korean government More self-governing Based on US army government Re-educating teachers in Korea Lowering functional illiteracy (adult) Restoration of Korean Language  

Student activism Choson Dynasty - Secondary schools – Intense factional struggle Colony - Independence movement Modern - new generation of militants Minjung ideology   Primary School - 6 years Start at 8 year-old Gungmin hakgyo  Chodeung Hakgyo (Hwangguk Sinmin hakgyo) Prohibit a corporal punishment (2011) One teacher teaches all subjects

Secondary School - 98% of Korean students finish high school 69% of these teaches are male Middle school - uniforms and haircuts are enforced One day : 7 subjects Before start the class 30 min (self study, class administration After regular class, additional 8th class After schooling tutoring agencies (Hakwon) :95% In 2008, began every odd Saturday class In 2012, no more class on Saturday but still… Competitive entrance exam abolished in 1968 Noncompetitive qualifying exam (high score  high quality schools in a common district, Other score  one of five geographical districts) lottery system, single sex education

High school - no mandatory 5:30 am go to school 6 pm finish regular class 7-10pm self-study at school 10-12mn private tutorial study institutes 12mn -2am private library self study No holiday, birthday, vacations until finish the CAT (National College Scholastic Aptitude Test) To enter Top University (SKY)  

Vocational high school - 5 fields programs such as agriculture, technology/engineering, commerce/business, maritime/fishery, home economic Has decreased the no. of students In 2007, vocational high school  Professional high school Facilitated  can Entry College and universities   Tertiary education : From ancient times Higher institutions – Confucianism, literature, and martial arts Lower institutions – vocational, medicine and astronomy : Today Private Public University 87.3% 12.7 Vocational Univ. 93.8% 6.2% Industrial Univ. 63.6% 36.4%

Entrance requirement Su-si : early decision plans for college Jeong-si : regular admissions College Scholastic Aptitude Test (Su-neung) + students’ grade book Test given in high school (twice a year) : important in determining college Much of the family’s social life concern their student’s education Examinations are very serious times of the year and the change the whole pattern of society Examination hell : joyless Grim Cause of suicides (53.4%-ever consider it) That’s why many corruptions are in entrance university processing