Beam Shaping with DWA G. Andonian

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Presentation transcript:

Beam Shaping with DWA G. Andonian FACET II – Science Opportunities Workshop WG: Plasma Acceleration Based XFELs October 15, 2015 SLAC

Outline Bunch profile shaping with wakefields Single mode confinement using DWA with Bragg boundaries Longitudinally periodic DWA structures

Motivation: Ramped bunches Transformer ratio enhancement R = 2 for symmetric bunches R > 2 for shaped bunches (triangle, etc)* Current techniques EEX, masking dispersive section, laser shaping on cathode Alternative concept Bunch Shaping with beam driven wakefields from dielectric structure *K. Bane SLAC-PUB3662 (1985) , B. Jiang PRSTAB 15 011301 (2012)

Dielectric lined conductor Peak decelerating field Fundamental mode M. Thompson, PRL 100, 214801 (2008) Advances in nano-fabrication and high-brightness beam prep allow for THz (sub-mm) scale structure Recent experimental results Beam acceleration at BNL ATF, SLAC FACET (GV/m!) Narrowband, high power THz source Phase space modulation (dechirping, microbunching, current profile tailoring)* Transformer ratio (unshaped beam)

Ramped Bunch Shaping Concept Wakefield (Ez) tuned to “ramp” energy modulation Shaping criteria: l/sz > 2 Chicane (R56) converts to density modulation Use shaped bunch in DWA or PWFA Design knobs: ID, OD, material, geometry (e.g. planar w/ variable gap), Ld, R56 Features: Passive device Relatively inexpensive Small footprint Can be close to IP No loss of charge

Ramped bunch shaping from self-wakefields: Example BNL ATF parameters BNL ATF e-beam: g = 100, sz ~ 200µm, Q=80pC, en = 1mm-mrad Structure: a/b = 200/300µm, e = 3.8, L=5cm, f01=0.39THz (l=765µm) Chicane R56=9.2mm Analytic calculations, phase space verified with OOPIC/Elegant

Current Experiment at BNL ATF Stage II Stage I Example of wakefield of shaped beam for BNL ATF parameters G. Andonian, et al. Proc. AAC 2014, San Jose, CA

Experiment layout BNL Accelerator Test Facility - Beamline 2 Focusing quads Final focus matching optics Local alignment with HeNe to e-beam trajectory CTR interferometer Bunch length diagnostic as in G. Andonian PRL 108, 244801 (2012),et al. PM dipole chicane as in S. Antipov PRL 111, 134802 (2013)

Photos of DWS in chamber PM chicane on retractable stage DWS on 5 axis mover CTR foil + interferometer e-beam e-beam 5cm, 6cm long Dielectric structures

CTR autocorrelation traces Narrow peak THz Michelson interferometer, CTR analysis High f content No Dielectric “shaper” Through Dielectric “shaper” Telling features with shaper in vs shaper out: 1) Narrower central peak  bunch compression 2) Higher frequency content  asymmetric ramp in distribution Use full Kramers-Kronig reconstruction with known cutoff frequency in transport and water absorption lines…

CTR interferometry analysis a) Measured CTR interferogram b) FFT of measured data c) KK pulse reconstruction d) Simulated Current profile e) Simulated CTR interferogram f) Simulated FFT from b) No DWS With DWS G. Andonian, S. Barber, F. O’Shea, et al. to be submitted

Upcoming ATF Experiment DWS+ DWA (f=1.1 THz) (TR~5)

Outline Bunch profile shaping with wakefields Single mode confinement using DWA with Bragg boundaries Longitudinally periodic DWA structures

DWA with Bragg-reflector boundary Eliminate metal cladding Modal confinement Constructive interference Alternating dielectric layers DWA structure SiO2 matching layer Planar geometry Bragg layers SiO2, ZTA Assembled at UCLA BNL ATF experiment 50MeV, 100pC, st~1ps Results CCR interferometry l =1.4mm (210GHz) Confirmed with simulation Upcoming measurements Test Bragg stack vs slab Test various Bragg layers CCR Autocorrelation 210GHz G. Andonian, et al., PRL 113, 264801 (2014)

Pulse trains + Longitudinally periodic structures Motivation: Confine energy of mode inside structure Near zero group velocity Longitudinal periodicity: e(z) OOPIC and HFSS Simulations a = 50 µm, b = 126 µm Periodicity = 300 µm Used both sinusoidal variance of e and step Base materials SiO2, CVD (e=3.8, 5.7) BNL ATF parameter set + pulse train 500 GHz structure Mode confinement Excite mode with 4-pulse train (BNL ATF params) - OOPIC -For high efficiency : don’t throw away stored E after beam loading w single pulse Difficult to maintain phase space and high R when extracting large energy w single pulse - ZGV so the EM does not exit structure Periodic e Rendering: DWA longitudinal periodicity Standing wave structure seen in sims after beam has passed through structure (OOPIC) UTA laser etching: +/- e(z) on <100µmscale J. B. Rosenzweig, G. Andonian, D. Stratakis, X. Wei (2010)

Summary Demonstrated alternative beam shaping scheme Mode confinement in Bragg DWA DWA is becoming a “real” tool for accelerator applications Lots of design knobs for various applications Leverage off FACET E201 experience Example: e-beam 10GeV sz=30µm, shaping with a/b=75/100µm DWS and R56=1.5cm, DWA 2.2THz (a=65µm) FACET2 possibility? TR~4-5 Acknowledgements: S. Barber, F. O’Shea, J. Rosenzweig, B. O’Shea, O. Williams, P. Hoang, B. Naranjo, X. Wei, D. Bruhwiler, A. Fukusawa, K. Fitzmorris, P. Favier, M. Fedurin, K. Kusche, C. Swinson Support from Awards #DE-SC0011271 (WFS), DE-SC0004460 (ZGV), DE-FG02-07ER46272, DE-FG03- 92ER40693 (Bragg)