Industrial Revolution 18th – 19th Centuries

Textile Revolution Flying Shuttle Invented: England - 1733 Significance: Sped up the weaving process SPINNING JENNY Invented: England - 1764 Impact: FASTER but inferior thread WATER-POWERED LOOM Invented: England - 1784 Impact: Fabric-weaving was taken out of homes & centralized near water

Cotton Gin Invented by: Eli Whitney in 1793 (In America) Description: Allowed massive amounts of cotton to be processed quickly Impact: Textile industry moves entirely into mills NO more cottage industries/domestic system

Steam engine & Internal Combustion ENGINE Made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels Coal and Oil “Fossil Fuels” revolution increased the energy available to human societies

The Factory System More, Faster, and Cheaper Whitney’s Interchangeable Parts Ford’s Assembly Line What this means for people? Overworked Underpaid Put in Harm’s Way Child Labor Health Problems What do they do About it ?

The Second Industrial Revolution 2nd Half of 19th Century Steel, Chemicals, Electricity & Precision Machinery 1870-1914: Steel replaced iron Steel: Lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, railroads, etc. Electricity: Convertible into heat, light, motion

Transportation and Communication

TRANSPORTATION Railroads - 1880s Factories can be built AWAY from bodies of water allowing for larger markets and opened up new forms of investment Steamships – 1880s Transportation along canals, rivers, and lakes made easier Canals Erie - 1825 Suez Canal – 1859 Panama Canal – French Try in 1880

Railway Development in Europe 1840 1850

Railway Development in Europe 1880

Communication Telegraph (1837) - Samuel Morse Telephone (1876) - Alexander Graham Bell Lightbulb (1879) – Thomas Edison Radio (1890’s) – Marconi Gulielmo

Financial Institutions Expanded Capitalism and Liberalism Financial instruments expanded Stock Markets Insurance Gold Standard Limited liability corporations Large Transnational Businesses The United Fruit Company Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation