Chapter 1 Section 1 Government and the State

What is Government What is a government? Government- institution through which society makes & enforces its public policies (things gov. decides to do) One of oldest human inventions Date to ancient Egypt (more than 2,300 years ago!) Governments must have POWER- why? Make & carry out policies

3 Basic Kinds of Power Legislative- make laws & frame public policies Executive- execute, enforce, and administer laws Judicial- interpret laws, determine meaning, & settle disputes

Political Animal “man is by nature a political animal.”- Aristotle What did Aristotle mean by this?

Government v. Politics Institution that carries out public policies The JOB Process How society decides how power & resources will be distributed w/in society The Job application

Government v. Politics Process The Job application Teachers Institution that carries out public policies The JOB U.S. Department of Education National Institutes of Health Process The Job application Teachers Doctors or Nurses

What are the 4 characteristics of the State State- a body of people, living, in a defined territory, organized w/ a government, & w/ power to make & enforce law w/out the consent of any higher authority Can be used interchangeably w/ country, but not necessarily a country Each have 4 characteristics Population Territory Sovereignty Government

Population How large must the population be in order for a place to be called a state? No size necessary, just a group of people

Territory Must have territory with known and recognized boundaries

Sovereignty What does sovereignty mean? Absolute authority within its own territory If the U.S. is democratic, how are they a sovereign state? Federal government creates absolute laws…the Constitution

Government States must be political organized by system of government & laws What would happen if a society had a population and designated territory, but no government?

Vatican City Governed as absolute monarchy The Head of State the Pope holds full legislative, executive and judicial powers Pope elected by Cardinals Smallest independent state in the world in population & size. 110 acres Population 1,000 (in 2015)

How Do the Major Political Ideas Explain the Origin of the State

The Force Theory State was born of FORCE 1 person or small group took control over an area & forced all w/in it to submit to that person’s or group’s will Examples: settlers came to U.S. forced Native Americans to obey laws, Hitler took over Europe

The Evolutionary Theory The Evolutionary Theory- state developed naturally out of the early family Heads of families became government Claimed territories settled in, and became sovereign state

The Divine Right Theory The Divine Right- God created the state & God had given those of royal birth a ‘divine right’ to rule Monarchy in European history Chinese, Egyptian, Aztec, & Mayan Japanese emperor, Mikado, governed by divine right until 1945

Social Contract Theory State arose out of voluntary act of free people Humans lived in chaos, & needed to be governed People sacrifice freedoms to be protected by the government Developed by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, James Harrington, & Jean Jacques Rousseau

Social Contract Theory “During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man.”- Hobbes “The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth by which he is able to protect them.”- Hobbes

Social Contract Theory “The social pact, far from destroying natural equality, substitutes, on the contrary, a moral and lawful equality for whatever physical inequality that nature may have imposed on mankind; so that however unequal in strength and intelligence, men become equal by covenant and by right.” - Jean- Jacques Rousseau

What is the Purpose of Gov.? There are 6 purposes of government listed in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution. List all 6 in your notes, and leave space under each purpose to take further notes.

The Purpose of Government Link people closely together. Strength in unity. Reasonable, impartial, and fair. Keep peace at home. Defend nation & people against foreign enemy. Protect citizens quality of life. Relative liberty: people can’t do anything they want, it may infringe on other liberty.